2011
Journal article  Open Access

Planck early results: the low frequency instrument data processing

Zacchei A., Bedini L., Salerno E.

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)  Cosmic background radiation  surveys  FOS: Physical sciences  115 Astronomy  observations [Cosmology]  Space science  data analysis [Methods]  observations  Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics  [SDU.ASTR.IM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM]  methods: data analysis  data analysis  Astronomy and Astrophysics  Settore FIS/05 - Astronomia e Astrofisica  cosmic backround radiation  [PHYS.ASTR.IM]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM]  Space and Planetary Science  Surveys  [SDU.ASTR.CO]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Cosmology and Extra-Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.CO]  [PHYS.ASTR.CO]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Cosmology and Extra-Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.CO]  Cosmology  cosmology: observations  Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)  Methods  Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics 

We describe the data processing pipeline employed by the Low Frequency Instrument (LFI) Data Processing Centre (DPC) to create and characterize the frequency maps used by the ERCSC (Early Release Compact Source Catalogue) first product of Planck to become public. In particular, we discuss the various steps involved in reducing the data, starting from telemetry (TM) packets through to the production of cleaned calibrated timelines and calibrated frequency maps. Data are continuously calibrated using the modulation induced on the mean temperature of the Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation by the proper motion of the spacecraft. The sky signals other than the dipole are removed by an iterative procedure based on simultaneous fitting of calibration parameters and sky maps. Noise properties are estimated from time-ordered data where the sky signal is removed using a Generalized Least Square map-making algorithm. The measured 1/f noise knee-frequencies range from ~ 100 mHz at 30 GHz to a few tens of mHz at 70 GHz. A destriping code (Madam) is employed to combine radiometric data and pointing information into sky maps, minimizing the variance of correlated noise. Noise covariance matrices required to compute statistical uncertainties on LFI and Planck products are also produced. Main beams are estimated down to the ? -10 dB level using Jupiter transits which are also used for the geometrical calibration of the focal plane.

Source: Astronomy & astrophysics (Online) 536 (2011): 1–20. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201116484

Publisher: EDP Sciences, Les Ulis , Francia


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1 Aalto University Mets¨ahovi Radio Observatory, Mets¨ahovintie 114, FIN-02540 Kylma¨l¨a, Finland
2 Agenzia Spaziale Italiana Science Data Center, c/o ESRIN, via Galileo Galilei, Frascati, Italy
3 Agenzia Spaziale Italiana, Viale Liegi 26, Roma, Italy
4 Astroparticule et Cosmologie, CNRS (UMR7164), Universit´e Denis Diderot Paris 7, Bˆatiment Condorcet, 10 rue A. Domon et L´eonie Duquet, Paris, France
5 Australia Telescope National Facility, CSIRO, P.O. Box 76, Epping, NSW 1710, Australia
6 CNR - ISTI, Area della Ricerca, via G. Moruzzi 1, Pisa, Italy
7 CNRS, IRAP, 9 Av. colonel Roche, BP 44346, F-31028 Toulouse cedex 4, France
8 California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, U.S.A.
27 Dpto. Astrof´ısica, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), E-38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
28 European Space Agency, ESAC, Planck Science Office, Camino bajo del Castillo, s/n, Urbanizaci´on Villafranca del Castillo, Villanueva de la Can˜ada, Madrid, Spain
29 European Space Agency, ESTEC, Keplerlaan 1, 2201 AZ Noordwijk, The Netherlands
30 Haverford College Astronomy Department, 370 Lancaster Avenue, Haverford, Pennsylvania, U.S.A.
31 Helsinki Institute of Physics, Gustaf H¨allstr¨omin katu 2, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
32 INAF - Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri, Largo Enrico Fermi 5, Firenze, Italy
33 INAF - Osservatorio Astrofisico di Catania, Via S. Sofia 78, Catania, Italy
34 INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova, Vicolo dell'Osservatorio 5, Padova, Italy
35 INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma, via di Frascati 33, Monte Porzio Catone, Italy
36 INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste, Via G.B. Tiepolo 11, Trieste, Italy
37 INAF/IASF Bologna, Via Gobetti 101, Bologna, Italy
38 INAF/IASF Milano, Via E. Bassini 15, Milano, Italy
39 INRIA, Laboratoire de Recherche en Informatique, Universit´e Paris-Sud 11, Bˆatiment 490, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
40 ISDC Data Centre for Astrophysics, University of Geneva, ch. d'Ecogia 16, Versoix, Switzerland
41 Infrared Processing and Analysis Center, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, U.S.A.
42 Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale, CNRS (UMR8617) Universit´e Paris-Sud 11, Bˆatiment 121, Orsay, France
43 Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris, CNRS UMR7095, Universit´e Pierre & Marie Curie, 98 bis boulevard Arago, Paris, France
44 Institute of Astronomy, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0HA, U.K.
45 Institute of Theoretical Astrophysics, University of Oslo, Blindern, Oslo, Norway
46 Instituto de Astrof´ısica de Canarias, C/V´ıa L´actea s/n, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
47 Instituto de F´ısica de Cantabria (CSIC-Universidad de Cantabria), Avda. de los Castros s/n, Santander, Spain
48 Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, California, U.S.A.
49 Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics, Alan Turing Building, School of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, U.K.
50 LERMA, CNRS, Observatoire de Paris, 61 Avenue de l'Observatoire, Paris, France
51 Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, U.S.A.
52 Max-Planck-Institut fu¨r Astrophysik, Karl-Schwarzschild-Str. 1, 85741 Garching, Germany
53 MilliLab, VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Tietotie 3, Espoo, Finland
54 SISSA, Astrophysics Sector, via Bonomea 265, 34136, Trieste, Italy
55 Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, California, U.S.A.
56 Spitzer Science Center, 1200 E. California Blvd., Pasadena, California, U.S.A.
57 Universit´e de Toulouse, UPS-OMP, IRAP, F-31028 Toulouse cedex 4, France
58 Warsaw University Observatory, Aleje Ujazdowskie 4, 00-478 Warszawa, Poland

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BibTeX entry
@article{oai:it.cnr:prodotti:199542,
	title = {Planck early results: the low frequency instrument data processing},
	author = {Zacchei A. and Bedini L. and Salerno E.},
	publisher = {EDP Sciences, Les Ulis , Francia},
	doi = {10.1051/0004-6361/201116484 and 10.48550/arxiv.1101.2040},
	journal = {Astronomy \& astrophysics (Online)},
	volume = {536},
	pages = {1–20},
	year = {2011}
}

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