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2026
Journal article
Open Access
Navigation solutions for blind and visually impaired persons: a state-of-the-art survey
Belli Dimitri, Barsocchi Paolo, Lombardi Giuseppe, Coffrini Alberto, Furfari Francesco, Crivello Antonino
This survey provides a comprehensive overview of navigation solutions designed for Blind and Visually Impaired (BVI) individuals, analyzing 75 systematically selected papers and focusing on three critical aspects. First, it identifies a significant gap in the literature, highlighting the lack of seamless indoor/outdoor navigation systems that can support uninterrupted mobility for users in different environments. Secondly, it highlights the limited attention given to inclusivity factors such as usability, accessibility, user experience, and co-design when developing these solutions. Finally, it assesses the technological readiness of current navigation systems by evaluating their ability to effectively meet the needs of BVI persons in real-world scenarios. Furthermore, this study provides a complete open-access repository of the analyzed data to support reproducibility. The results of this study are intended to guide future research and development efforts toward creating more comprehensive, user-centered navigation solutions.Source: INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HUMAN-COMPUTER INTERACTION, pp. 1-30
DOI: 10.1080/10447318.2026.2643358
Metrics:
Belli Dimitri, Barsocchi Paolo, Lombardi Giuseppe, Coffrini Alberto, Furfari Francesco, Crivello Antonino
This survey provides a comprehensive overview of navigation solutions designed for Blind and Visually Impaired (BVI) individuals, analyzing 75 systematically selected papers and focusing on three critical aspects. First, it identifies a significant gap in the literature, highlighting the lack of seamless indoor/outdoor navigation systems that can support uninterrupted mobility for users in different environments. Secondly, it highlights the limited attention given to inclusivity factors such as usability, accessibility, user experience, and co-design when developing these solutions. Finally, it assesses the technological readiness of current navigation systems by evaluating their ability to effectively meet the needs of BVI persons in real-world scenarios. Furthermore, this study provides a complete open-access repository of the analyzed data to support reproducibility. The results of this study are intended to guide future research and development efforts toward creating more comprehensive, user-centered navigation solutions.Source: INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HUMAN-COMPUTER INTERACTION, pp. 1-30
DOI: 10.1080/10447318.2026.2643358
Metrics:
See at:
International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction 
| CNR IRIS | www.tandfonline.com | CNR IRIS 
2026
Journal article
Open Access
Evaluation of underfloor accelerometers for enabling location-based services in intelligent environments
Belli Dimitri, Crivello Antonino, La Rosa Davide, Barsocchi Paolo
Device-free indoor localization systems play a pivotal role in enhancing the functionality and intelligence of modern environments. They can effectively monitor people’s movements in their everyday environment without the constraints of invasive or wearable devices, and are open to a wide range of application domains. Through a systematic experimental approach, in this work we investigate the performance of underfloor accelerometers in accurately detecting and tracking user movements. The collected data, augmented with ground truth information, are analyzed using fingerprint maps and k-Nearest Neighbor (k-NN) algorithms to estimate the user’s position within the environment. In the literature, this work represents a first attempt to apply the fingerprint technique in this context. The results show promising capabilities of underfloor accelerometers in facilitating location-based services, while the short time required for installation, data pre-processing and calibration indicate this approach as an easy-to-deploy location-based system. In this regard, intra-user tests show that the variability of the error exceeds 1 m regardless of k-values or time windows, inter-user tests show that the time window does not affect the variability of distance estimation with 2-NN, which outperforms other k-configurations, while 3-NN performs better as the time window increases. The cumulative distribution function over the entire test set shows that more than 75% of the predictions are less than 1 m.Source: INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL INTELLIGENCE SYSTEMS, vol. 19 (issue 1)
DOI: 10.1007/s44196-026-01205-2
Project(s): PE8 - Conseguenze e sfide dell'invecchiamento
Metrics:
Belli Dimitri, Crivello Antonino, La Rosa Davide, Barsocchi Paolo
Device-free indoor localization systems play a pivotal role in enhancing the functionality and intelligence of modern environments. They can effectively monitor people’s movements in their everyday environment without the constraints of invasive or wearable devices, and are open to a wide range of application domains. Through a systematic experimental approach, in this work we investigate the performance of underfloor accelerometers in accurately detecting and tracking user movements. The collected data, augmented with ground truth information, are analyzed using fingerprint maps and k-Nearest Neighbor (k-NN) algorithms to estimate the user’s position within the environment. In the literature, this work represents a first attempt to apply the fingerprint technique in this context. The results show promising capabilities of underfloor accelerometers in facilitating location-based services, while the short time required for installation, data pre-processing and calibration indicate this approach as an easy-to-deploy location-based system. In this regard, intra-user tests show that the variability of the error exceeds 1 m regardless of k-values or time windows, inter-user tests show that the time window does not affect the variability of distance estimation with 2-NN, which outperforms other k-configurations, while 3-NN performs better as the time window increases. The cumulative distribution function over the entire test set shows that more than 75% of the predictions are less than 1 m.Source: INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL INTELLIGENCE SYSTEMS, vol. 19 (issue 1)
DOI: 10.1007/s44196-026-01205-2
Project(s): PE8 - Conseguenze e sfide dell'invecchiamento
Metrics:
See at:
CNR IRIS | link.springer.com | CNR IRIS
2026
Journal article
Open Access
Home automation interoperability: two decades of lessons learned and future prospects into the development of IoT ecosystems
Russo Dario, Miori Vittorio, Tolomei Gabriele, Belli Dimitri
Home Automation (HA) is one of the main applications of the Internet of Things (IoT), with the aim of improving users’ quality of life within their living spaces. Technologies are growing rapidly, moving from simple control of isolated home devices to global integration with worldwide services. With the entry of large companies such as Google, Amazon and Apple into the HA market, interoperability between different automation ecosystems has become a central challenge for research. This study defines the concept of interoperability in this context and proposes a taxonomy based on years of experience to illustrate a method for a comparative study of frameworks designed to achieve interoperability between different systems. As a result, the presented taxonomy establishes a unified language and a set of criteria for evaluating integration strategies, improving understanding of architectural choices and decision-making processes in the selection or development of solutions for heterogeneous smart home systems.Source: INTERNET OF THINGS, vol. 37 (issue 101906)
DOI: 10.1016/j.iot.2026.101906
Project(s): Age-It project, funded by the European Union – Next Generation EU, within the framework of the National Recovery and Resilience Plan, under the Extended Partnership Initiative PE8 ‘Conseguenze e sfide dell’invecchiamento’
Metrics:
Russo Dario, Miori Vittorio, Tolomei Gabriele, Belli Dimitri
Home Automation (HA) is one of the main applications of the Internet of Things (IoT), with the aim of improving users’ quality of life within their living spaces. Technologies are growing rapidly, moving from simple control of isolated home devices to global integration with worldwide services. With the entry of large companies such as Google, Amazon and Apple into the HA market, interoperability between different automation ecosystems has become a central challenge for research. This study defines the concept of interoperability in this context and proposes a taxonomy based on years of experience to illustrate a method for a comparative study of frameworks designed to achieve interoperability between different systems. As a result, the presented taxonomy establishes a unified language and a set of criteria for evaluating integration strategies, improving understanding of architectural choices and decision-making processes in the selection or development of solutions for heterogeneous smart home systems.Source: INTERNET OF THINGS, vol. 37 (issue 101906)
DOI: 10.1016/j.iot.2026.101906
Project(s): Age-It project, funded by the European Union – Next Generation EU, within the framework of the National Recovery and Resilience Plan, under the Extended Partnership Initiative PE8 ‘Conseguenze e sfide dell’invecchiamento’
Metrics:
See at:
CNR IRIS | www.sciencedirect.com | CNR IRIS
2025
Other
Open Access
ISTI-day 2025 Proceedings
Del Corso G., Pedrotti A., Federico G., Gennaro C., Carrara F., Amato G., Di Benedetto M., Gabrielli E., Belli D., Matrullo Zoe, Miori V., Tolomei Gabriele, Waheed T., Marchetti E., Calabrò Antonello., Rossetti G., Stella Massimo, Cazabet Rémy, Abramski K., Cau E., Citraro S., Failla A., Mesina V., Morini V., Pansanella V., Colantonio S., Germanese D., Pascali M. A., Bianchi L., Messina N., Falchi F., Barsellotti L., Pacini G., Cassese M., Puccetti G., Esuli A., Volpi L., Moreo Alejandro, Sebastiani F., Sperduti G., Nguyen Dong, Broccia G., Ter Beek M. H., Ferrari A., Massink M., Belmonte Gina, Ciancia V., Papini O., Canapa G., Catricalà B., Manca M., Paternò F., Santoro C., Zedda E., Gallo S., Maenza S., Mattioli A., Simeoli L., Rucci D., Carlini E., Dazzi P., Kavalionak H., Mordacchini M., Rulli C., Muntean Cristina Ioana, Nardini F. M., Perego R., Rocchietti G., Lettich F., Renso C., Pugliese C., Casini G., Haldimann Jonas, Meyer Thomas, Assante M., Candela L., Dell'Amico A., Frosini L., Mangiacrapa F., Oliviero A., Pagano P., Panichi G., Peccerillo B., Procaccini M., Mannocci A., Manghi P., Lonetti F., Kang Dongjae, Di Giandomenico F., Jee Eunkyoung, Lazzini G., Conti F., Scopigno R., D'Acunto M., Moroni D., Cafiso M., Paradisi P., Callieri M., Pavoni G., Corsini M., De Falco A., Sala F., Saraceni Q., Gattiglia Gabriele
ISTI-Day is an annual information and networking event organized by the Institute of Information Science and Technologies "A. Faedo" (ISTI) of the Italian National Research Council (CNR). This event features an opening talk of the Director of the Dept. DIITET (Emilio F. Campana) as well as an overview of the Institute's activities presented by the ISTI Director (Roberto Scopigno). Those institutional segments are complemented by dedicated presentations and round tables featuring former staff members, as well as internal and external collaborators. To foster a network of knowledge and collaboration among newcomers, the 2025 ISTI Day edition also includes a large poster session that provides a comprehensive overview of current research activities. Each of the 13 laboratories contributes 1–3 posters, highlighting the most innovative work and offering early-career researchers a platform for discussion. Thus these proceedings include the posters selected for ISTI-Day 2025, reflecting the diverse and innovative nature of the Institute's research.
Del Corso G., Pedrotti A., Federico G., Gennaro C., Carrara F., Amato G., Di Benedetto M., Gabrielli E., Belli D., Matrullo Zoe, Miori V., Tolomei Gabriele, Waheed T., Marchetti E., Calabrò Antonello., Rossetti G., Stella Massimo, Cazabet Rémy, Abramski K., Cau E., Citraro S., Failla A., Mesina V., Morini V., Pansanella V., Colantonio S., Germanese D., Pascali M. A., Bianchi L., Messina N., Falchi F., Barsellotti L., Pacini G., Cassese M., Puccetti G., Esuli A., Volpi L., Moreo Alejandro, Sebastiani F., Sperduti G., Nguyen Dong, Broccia G., Ter Beek M. H., Ferrari A., Massink M., Belmonte Gina, Ciancia V., Papini O., Canapa G., Catricalà B., Manca M., Paternò F., Santoro C., Zedda E., Gallo S., Maenza S., Mattioli A., Simeoli L., Rucci D., Carlini E., Dazzi P., Kavalionak H., Mordacchini M., Rulli C., Muntean Cristina Ioana, Nardini F. M., Perego R., Rocchietti G., Lettich F., Renso C., Pugliese C., Casini G., Haldimann Jonas, Meyer Thomas, Assante M., Candela L., Dell'Amico A., Frosini L., Mangiacrapa F., Oliviero A., Pagano P., Panichi G., Peccerillo B., Procaccini M., Mannocci A., Manghi P., Lonetti F., Kang Dongjae, Di Giandomenico F., Jee Eunkyoung, Lazzini G., Conti F., Scopigno R., D'Acunto M., Moroni D., Cafiso M., Paradisi P., Callieri M., Pavoni G., Corsini M., De Falco A., Sala F., Saraceni Q., Gattiglia Gabriele
ISTI-Day is an annual information and networking event organized by the Institute of Information Science and Technologies "A. Faedo" (ISTI) of the Italian National Research Council (CNR). This event features an opening talk of the Director of the Dept. DIITET (Emilio F. Campana) as well as an overview of the Institute's activities presented by the ISTI Director (Roberto Scopigno). Those institutional segments are complemented by dedicated presentations and round tables featuring former staff members, as well as internal and external collaborators. To foster a network of knowledge and collaboration among newcomers, the 2025 ISTI Day edition also includes a large poster session that provides a comprehensive overview of current research activities. Each of the 13 laboratories contributes 1–3 posters, highlighting the most innovative work and offering early-career researchers a platform for discussion. Thus these proceedings include the posters selected for ISTI-Day 2025, reflecting the diverse and innovative nature of the Institute's research.
See at:
CNR IRIS | www.isti.cnr.it | CNR IRIS
2025
Journal article
Open Access
MCSim: A multi-access edge computing mobile crowdsensing simulator
Belli D., Barsocchi P., Crivello A., La Rosa D., Girolami M.
This paper introduces MCSim, a modular and extensible simulator designed to support the planning and evaluation of Mobile CrowdSensing (MCS) campaigns in urban environments. MCSim integrates a useful approximation of urban mobility patterns based on real-world street networks, as well as the simulation of task execution effectiveness within configurable data transmission ranges. Unlike other simulators, MCSim is built to accommodate future extensions, such as edge/fog computing architectures. The current version of the software offers a user-friendly interface, customizable configuration options, and robust output analysis. By combining realistic mobility modeling, configurable task logic, and architectural flexibility, MCSim provides researchers and practitioners with a powerful tool for optimizing MCS strategies while minimizing deployment costs and risks.Source: SOFTWAREX, vol. 31 (issue 102229)
DOI: 10.1016/j.softx.2025.102229
Project(s): Cyber and Human Intelligence for Physical Systems
Metrics:
Belli D., Barsocchi P., Crivello A., La Rosa D., Girolami M.
This paper introduces MCSim, a modular and extensible simulator designed to support the planning and evaluation of Mobile CrowdSensing (MCS) campaigns in urban environments. MCSim integrates a useful approximation of urban mobility patterns based on real-world street networks, as well as the simulation of task execution effectiveness within configurable data transmission ranges. Unlike other simulators, MCSim is built to accommodate future extensions, such as edge/fog computing architectures. The current version of the software offers a user-friendly interface, customizable configuration options, and robust output analysis. By combining realistic mobility modeling, configurable task logic, and architectural flexibility, MCSim provides researchers and practitioners with a powerful tool for optimizing MCS strategies while minimizing deployment costs and risks.Source: SOFTWAREX, vol. 31 (issue 102229)
DOI: 10.1016/j.softx.2025.102229
Project(s): Cyber and Human Intelligence for Physical Systems
Metrics:
See at:
SoftwareX | SoftwareX | CNR IRIS | www.sciencedirect.com | CNR IRIS | CNR IRIS
2025
Conference article
Open Access
Performing audiometry using pupillometry: state-of-the-market and sensor selection
Crivello A., La Rosa D., Belli D., Milazzo M., Palumbo F.
Hearing impairment poses a significant global health challenge, impacting millions of individuals across all age groups. Early detection and intervention are paramount, especially in infants and young children, to mitigate the adverse effects on speech, language, and cognitive development. Traditional audiometry methods, however, rely on subjective patient responses, rendering them unsuitable for non-collaborative individuals such as infants, newborns, and those with cognitive impairments. To address this limitation, the APURE (Audiometry with PUpil REsponse) project seeks to develop an objective audiometer leveraging pupillometry, the measurement of pupil size and reactivity. This paper presents a comprehensive state-of-the-market survey of eye-tracking systems, a crucial step in identifying the most suitable sensors for the APURE project.Source: LECTURE NOTES OF THE INSTITUTE FOR COMPUTER SCIENCES, SOCIAL INFORMATICS AND TELECOMMUNICATIONS ENGINEERING, vol. 612, pp. 159-169. Heraklion, Crete, Greece, 17–18/09/2024
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-85575-7_9
Metrics:
Crivello A., La Rosa D., Belli D., Milazzo M., Palumbo F.
Hearing impairment poses a significant global health challenge, impacting millions of individuals across all age groups. Early detection and intervention are paramount, especially in infants and young children, to mitigate the adverse effects on speech, language, and cognitive development. Traditional audiometry methods, however, rely on subjective patient responses, rendering them unsuitable for non-collaborative individuals such as infants, newborns, and those with cognitive impairments. To address this limitation, the APURE (Audiometry with PUpil REsponse) project seeks to develop an objective audiometer leveraging pupillometry, the measurement of pupil size and reactivity. This paper presents a comprehensive state-of-the-market survey of eye-tracking systems, a crucial step in identifying the most suitable sensors for the APURE project.Source: LECTURE NOTES OF THE INSTITUTE FOR COMPUTER SCIENCES, SOCIAL INFORMATICS AND TELECOMMUNICATIONS ENGINEERING, vol. 612, pp. 159-169. Heraklion, Crete, Greece, 17–18/09/2024
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-85575-7_9
Metrics:
See at:
CNR IRIS | link.springer.com | CNR IRIS | CNR IRIS
2025
Journal article
Open Access
Securing federated learning against extreme model poisoning attacks via multidimensional time series anomaly detection on local updates
Gabrielli E., Belli D., Matrullo Z., Miori V., Tolomei G.
Current defense mechanisms against model poisoning attacks in federated learning (FL) systems have proven effective up to a certain threshold of malicious clients (e.g., 25% to 50%). In this work, we introduce FLANDERS, a novel pre-aggregation filter for FL that is resilient to large-scale model poisoning attacks, i.e., when malicious clients far exceed legitimate participants. FLANDERS treats the sequence of local models sent by clients in each FL round as a matrix-valued time series. Then, it identifies malicious client updates as outliers in this time series by comparing actual observations with estimates generated by a matrix autoregressive forecasting model maintained by the server. Experiments conducted in several non-iid FL setups show that FLANDERS significantly improves robustness across a wide spectrum of attacks when paired with standard and robust aggregation methods.Source: IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INFORMATION FORENSICS AND SECURITY, vol. 20, pp. 9610-9624
DOI: 10.1109/tifs.2025.3608671
Metrics:
Gabrielli E., Belli D., Matrullo Z., Miori V., Tolomei G.
Current defense mechanisms against model poisoning attacks in federated learning (FL) systems have proven effective up to a certain threshold of malicious clients (e.g., 25% to 50%). In this work, we introduce FLANDERS, a novel pre-aggregation filter for FL that is resilient to large-scale model poisoning attacks, i.e., when malicious clients far exceed legitimate participants. FLANDERS treats the sequence of local models sent by clients in each FL round as a matrix-valued time series. Then, it identifies malicious client updates as outliers in this time series by comparing actual observations with estimates generated by a matrix autoregressive forecasting model maintained by the server. Experiments conducted in several non-iid FL setups show that FLANDERS significantly improves robustness across a wide spectrum of attacks when paired with standard and robust aggregation methods.Source: IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INFORMATION FORENSICS AND SECURITY, vol. 20, pp. 9610-9624
DOI: 10.1109/tifs.2025.3608671
Metrics:
See at:
CNR IRIS | ieeexplore.ieee.org | CNR IRIS | CNR IRIS
2024
Conference article
Open Access
A novel architectural schema for constant monitoring and assessment of older adults’ health status at home
Barsocchi P., Belli D., Gabrielli E., La Rosa D., Miori V., Palumbo F., Russo D., Tolomei G.
In recent years the demand for health care among older adults, along with requests for hospitalization and related costs, has increased at an unprecedented rate. In the coming decades, this trend is likely to worsen. This detrimental tendency can be mitigated by addressing the problem with a proactive approach. The goal is to ensure continuous monitoring of the older’s health status to promptly detect worsening and disease onsets. The paper extends the mid-term results of the Project ChAALenge, by detailing the sensors and the framework underlying the high-level predictive techniques, as well as by reporting qualitative results in terms of physiological measurements from a 4-month data collection campaign in a nursing home.Source: LECTURE NOTES OF THE INSTITUTE FOR COMPUTER SCIENCES, SOCIAL INFORMATICS AND TELECOMMUNICATIONS ENGINEERING, vol. 572, pp. 501-511. Malmö, Sweden, 27-29/11/2023
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-59717-6_33
Metrics:
Barsocchi P., Belli D., Gabrielli E., La Rosa D., Miori V., Palumbo F., Russo D., Tolomei G.
In recent years the demand for health care among older adults, along with requests for hospitalization and related costs, has increased at an unprecedented rate. In the coming decades, this trend is likely to worsen. This detrimental tendency can be mitigated by addressing the problem with a proactive approach. The goal is to ensure continuous monitoring of the older’s health status to promptly detect worsening and disease onsets. The paper extends the mid-term results of the Project ChAALenge, by detailing the sensors and the framework underlying the high-level predictive techniques, as well as by reporting qualitative results in terms of physiological measurements from a 4-month data collection campaign in a nursing home.Source: LECTURE NOTES OF THE INSTITUTE FOR COMPUTER SCIENCES, SOCIAL INFORMATICS AND TELECOMMUNICATIONS ENGINEERING, vol. 572, pp. 501-511. Malmö, Sweden, 27-29/11/2023
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-59717-6_33
Metrics:
See at:
CNR IRIS | link.springer.com | doi.org | Archivio della ricerca- Università di Roma La Sapienza | CNR IRIS | CNR IRIS
2024
Journal article
Open Access
A free interactive digital tool to introduce particle model of matter and thermal particle motion at middle school level
Belli D., Lischi G., Pardini G., Milazzo P., Domenici V.
This technology report presents the main features of a free digital educational tool which aims to introduce middle school level students to the comprehension of the particulate nature of matter in the three states (i.e., solid, liquid, and gas) and during phase transitions. This digital tool is available and is freely accessible online. Its utility was tested during a pilot study involving several classes of two middle schools with 103 students of sixth and seventh grades. Didactic activities were designed to introduce the particle model of matter and to reach several educational objectives, such as the understanding of the thermal motion of particles and the role of temperature, the changes occurring at phase transitions, and the state diagrams. An activity was also tested with seventh grade students where the solidification and melting of tert-butyl alcohol were first investigated during a cooperative inquiry-based laboratory and then elaborated on and consolidated by using this digital tool. This activity demonstrates how introducing digital tools into the learning process can help students better understand and visualize abstract concepts such as state diagrams. The level of students’ engagement and the appreciation of schools’ teachers confirmed the usefulness of this digital tool to teach and learn a key concept of chemistry as the particulate nature of matter.Source: JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL EDUCATION, vol. 101 (issue 2), pp. 647-652
DOI: 10.1021/acs.jchemed.3c00986
Metrics:
Belli D., Lischi G., Pardini G., Milazzo P., Domenici V.
This technology report presents the main features of a free digital educational tool which aims to introduce middle school level students to the comprehension of the particulate nature of matter in the three states (i.e., solid, liquid, and gas) and during phase transitions. This digital tool is available and is freely accessible online. Its utility was tested during a pilot study involving several classes of two middle schools with 103 students of sixth and seventh grades. Didactic activities were designed to introduce the particle model of matter and to reach several educational objectives, such as the understanding of the thermal motion of particles and the role of temperature, the changes occurring at phase transitions, and the state diagrams. An activity was also tested with seventh grade students where the solidification and melting of tert-butyl alcohol were first investigated during a cooperative inquiry-based laboratory and then elaborated on and consolidated by using this digital tool. This activity demonstrates how introducing digital tools into the learning process can help students better understand and visualize abstract concepts such as state diagrams. The level of students’ engagement and the appreciation of schools’ teachers confirmed the usefulness of this digital tool to teach and learn a key concept of chemistry as the particulate nature of matter.Source: JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL EDUCATION, vol. 101 (issue 2), pp. 647-652
DOI: 10.1021/acs.jchemed.3c00986
Metrics:
See at:
CNR IRIS | pubs.acs.org | Journal of Chemical Education | Archivio della Ricerca - Università di Pisa | CNR IRIS | Archivio della Ricerca - Università di Pisa
2024
Conference article
Open Access
Inclusive navigation systems: perspectives and challenges for the visually-impaired
Belli D., Barsocchi P., Crivello A., Furfari F., Leporini B., Paratore M. T.
Despite significant advances in technology, the area of mobility and orientation for visually impaired persons continues to present significant challenges. Digital maps have become essential for navigation, but their usability is often compromised for users who rely on assistive technologies, especially when accessed on small touch screens. This calls for innovative approaches to making digital maps more accessible and usable, as these tools are crucial for creating mental maps of navigational spaces. This paper explores the need for inclusive localization and positioning systems that accommodate a wide range of users, including those with visual impairments. It highlights the critical role of user context, such as device experience and positional awareness, in improving the usability of these systems. The integration of haptic and audio feedback may offer promising new interaction methods, although further development is needed. In addition, user interface design and system characteristics such as security, robustness and usability need to be aligned with user acceptance, with a focus on low cost and simplicity. Our analysis identifies key requirements for the design of inclusive systems and proposes steps for the scientific community to take to advance the field, with the aim of bridging the gap between technological capabilities and practical usability, and promoting inclusive design principles for future innovation.Source: CEUR WORKSHOP PROCEEDINGS, vol. 3919. Hong Kong, China, 14-15/102024
Belli D., Barsocchi P., Crivello A., Furfari F., Leporini B., Paratore M. T.
Despite significant advances in technology, the area of mobility and orientation for visually impaired persons continues to present significant challenges. Digital maps have become essential for navigation, but their usability is often compromised for users who rely on assistive technologies, especially when accessed on small touch screens. This calls for innovative approaches to making digital maps more accessible and usable, as these tools are crucial for creating mental maps of navigational spaces. This paper explores the need for inclusive localization and positioning systems that accommodate a wide range of users, including those with visual impairments. It highlights the critical role of user context, such as device experience and positional awareness, in improving the usability of these systems. The integration of haptic and audio feedback may offer promising new interaction methods, although further development is needed. In addition, user interface design and system characteristics such as security, robustness and usability need to be aligned with user acceptance, with a focus on low cost and simplicity. Our analysis identifies key requirements for the design of inclusive systems and proposes steps for the scientific community to take to advance the field, with the aim of bridging the gap between technological capabilities and practical usability, and promoting inclusive design principles for future innovation.Source: CEUR WORKSHOP PROCEEDINGS, vol. 3919. Hong Kong, China, 14-15/102024
See at:
ceur-ws.org | CNR IRIS | CNR IRIS
2023
Contribution to book
Open Access
A case study in formal analysis of system requirements
Belli D, Mazzanti F
One of the goals of the 4SECURail project has been to demonstrate the benefits, limits, and costs of introducing formal meth- ods in the system requirements definition process. This has been done, on an experimental basis, by applying a specific set of tools and method- ologies to a case study from the railway sector. The paper describes the approach adopted in the project and some considerations resulting from the experience.DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-26236-4_14
Project(s): 4SECURAIL
Metrics:
Belli D, Mazzanti F
One of the goals of the 4SECURail project has been to demonstrate the benefits, limits, and costs of introducing formal meth- ods in the system requirements definition process. This has been done, on an experimental basis, by applying a specific set of tools and method- ologies to a case study from the railway sector. The paper describes the approach adopted in the project and some considerations resulting from the experience.DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-26236-4_14
Project(s): 4SECURAIL
Metrics:
See at:
CNR IRIS | link.springer.com | ISTI Repository | doi.org | CNR IRIS | CNR IRIS
2023
Conference article
Open Access
The 4SECURail case study on rigorous standard interface specifications
Belli D, Fantechi A, Gnesi S, Masullo L, Mazzanti F, Quadrini L, Trentini D, Vaghi C
In the context of the Shift2Rail open call S2R-OC-IP2-01- 2019, one of the two work streams of the 4SECURail project has pursued the objective to corroborate how a clear, rigorous standard interface specification between signaling sub-systems can be designed by applying an approach based on semi-formal and formal methods. The objective is addressed by developing a demonstrator case study of the application of formal methods to the specification of standard interfaces, aimed at illustrating some usable state-of-the-art techniques for rigorous standard interface specification, as well as at supporting a Cost-Benefit Analysis to back this strategy with sound economic arguments.DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-43681-9_2
Project(s): 4SECURAIL
Metrics:
Belli D, Fantechi A, Gnesi S, Masullo L, Mazzanti F, Quadrini L, Trentini D, Vaghi C
In the context of the Shift2Rail open call S2R-OC-IP2-01- 2019, one of the two work streams of the 4SECURail project has pursued the objective to corroborate how a clear, rigorous standard interface specification between signaling sub-systems can be designed by applying an approach based on semi-formal and formal methods. The objective is addressed by developing a demonstrator case study of the application of formal methods to the specification of standard interfaces, aimed at illustrating some usable state-of-the-art techniques for rigorous standard interface specification, as well as at supporting a Cost-Benefit Analysis to back this strategy with sound economic arguments.DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-43681-9_2
Project(s): 4SECURAIL
Metrics:
See at:
CNR IRIS | link.springer.com | ISTI Repository | CNR IRIS | CNR IRIS | CNR IRIS
2023
Journal article
Open Access
Connectivity standards alliance matter: state of the art and opportunities
Belli D, Barsocchi P, Palumbo F
Matter is an open-source, royalty-free connectivity standard developed by the Connectivity Standards Alliance (CSA-IoT). It aims to unify smart home devices and increase their compatibility across various ecosystems. Backed by major tech companies like Apple, Google, Amazon, and the Zigbee Alliance, Matter simplifies the development of IoT devices by providing a unified approach to connectivity. It offers a secure, reliable, and seamless way for devices to communicate and interact, regardless of the manufacturer.This paper aims to present the current state of adoption of the Matter specification by devices available on the market, and the certification process by the available software. It describes the main characteristics of Matter in its Specification 1.0 state, reviewing the features and functionalities of the Matter protocol, as well as the opportunities for its use and the challenges for its large-scale adoption in Matter-compliant IoT devices.We discuss the impact of Matter on IoT technologies and ecosystems, providing guidance for manufacturers and consumers. We analyze the emerging research challenges in its adoption and propose our recommendations on how to improve and extend this protocol for better use in the future.Source: INTERNET OF THINGS, vol. 25
DOI: 10.1016/j.iot.2023.101005
Metrics:
Belli D, Barsocchi P, Palumbo F
Matter is an open-source, royalty-free connectivity standard developed by the Connectivity Standards Alliance (CSA-IoT). It aims to unify smart home devices and increase their compatibility across various ecosystems. Backed by major tech companies like Apple, Google, Amazon, and the Zigbee Alliance, Matter simplifies the development of IoT devices by providing a unified approach to connectivity. It offers a secure, reliable, and seamless way for devices to communicate and interact, regardless of the manufacturer.This paper aims to present the current state of adoption of the Matter specification by devices available on the market, and the certification process by the available software. It describes the main characteristics of Matter in its Specification 1.0 state, reviewing the features and functionalities of the Matter protocol, as well as the opportunities for its use and the challenges for its large-scale adoption in Matter-compliant IoT devices.We discuss the impact of Matter on IoT technologies and ecosystems, providing guidance for manufacturers and consumers. We analyze the emerging research challenges in its adoption and propose our recommendations on how to improve and extend this protocol for better use in the future.Source: INTERNET OF THINGS, vol. 25
DOI: 10.1016/j.iot.2023.101005
Metrics:
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CNR IRIS | ISTI Repository | www.sciencedirect.com | CNR IRIS
2023
Other
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ChAALenge D6.3 - Integrazione in laboratorio e analisi delle prestazioni
Bacco F. M., Baronti P., Barsocchi P., Belli D., Crivello A., Furfari F., Girolami M., La Rosa D., Mavilia F., Miori V., Palumbo F., Potortì F., Russo D.
Report di laboratorio di analisi dei risultati dell’integrazione e indagine prestazionale sul framework integrato contenente: (i) Risultati attinenti alla validità dei dati acquisiti dal framework, al fine del loro efficiente utilizzo da parte degli algoritmi sviluppati; (ii) Risultati riguardanti la correttezza, completezza e affidabilità dell’esito della sperimentazione sia in laboratorio sia sul campo e relativi alla valutazione prestazionale del software di sistema.Project(s): ChAALenge
Bacco F. M., Baronti P., Barsocchi P., Belli D., Crivello A., Furfari F., Girolami M., La Rosa D., Mavilia F., Miori V., Palumbo F., Potortì F., Russo D.
Report di laboratorio di analisi dei risultati dell’integrazione e indagine prestazionale sul framework integrato contenente: (i) Risultati attinenti alla validità dei dati acquisiti dal framework, al fine del loro efficiente utilizzo da parte degli algoritmi sviluppati; (ii) Risultati riguardanti la correttezza, completezza e affidabilità dell’esito della sperimentazione sia in laboratorio sia sul campo e relativi alla valutazione prestazionale del software di sistema.Project(s): ChAALenge
2023
Other
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A byzantine-resilient aggregation scheme for federated learning via matrix autoregression on client updates
Tolomei G., Gabrielli E., Belli D., Miori V.
In this work, we propose FLANDERS, a novel federated learning (FL) aggregation scheme robust to Byzantine attacks. FLANDERS considers the local model updates sent by clients at each FL round as a matrix-valued time series. Then, it identifies malicious clients as outliers of this time series by comparing actual observations with those estimated by a matrix autoregressive forecasting model. Experiments conducted on several datasets under different FL settings demonstrate that FLANDERS matches the robustness of the most powerful baselines against Byzantine clients. Furthermore, FLANDERS remains highly effective even under extremely severe attack scenarios, as opposed to existing defense strategies.
Tolomei G., Gabrielli E., Belli D., Miori V.
In this work, we propose FLANDERS, a novel federated learning (FL) aggregation scheme robust to Byzantine attacks. FLANDERS considers the local model updates sent by clients at each FL round as a matrix-valued time series. Then, it identifies malicious clients as outliers of this time series by comparing actual observations with those estimated by a matrix autoregressive forecasting model. Experiments conducted on several datasets under different FL settings demonstrate that FLANDERS matches the robustness of the most powerful baselines against Byzantine clients. Furthermore, FLANDERS remains highly effective even under extremely severe attack scenarios, as opposed to existing defense strategies.
2023
Contribution to book
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Sviluppo di applicazioni interattive per insegnare la chimica nelle scuole secondarie di I grado
Belli D., Domenici V., Lischi G., Milazzo P., Pardini G.
Il capitolo introduce i passaggi che hanno portato alla realizzazione di un artefatto digitale pensato per spiegare agli alunni delle scuole secondarie di primo grado concetti quali materia, stato di aggregazione e passaggio di stato. In questo contesto sono giustificati gli strumenti informatici utilizzati sia in funzione della penetrazione delle tecnologie dell'informazione e della comunicazione all'interno del tessuto scolastico italiano, sia in funzione delle problematiche in cui i discenti possono imbattersi nella fase di apprendimento.
Belli D., Domenici V., Lischi G., Milazzo P., Pardini G.
Il capitolo introduce i passaggi che hanno portato alla realizzazione di un artefatto digitale pensato per spiegare agli alunni delle scuole secondarie di primo grado concetti quali materia, stato di aggregazione e passaggio di stato. In questo contesto sono giustificati gli strumenti informatici utilizzati sia in funzione della penetrazione delle tecnologie dell'informazione e della comunicazione all'interno del tessuto scolastico italiano, sia in funzione delle problematiche in cui i discenti possono imbattersi nella fase di apprendimento.
See at:
CNR IRIS | CNR IRIS | www.pisauniversitypress.it
2022
Conference article
Open Access
Formal modeling and initial analysis of the 4SECURail case study
Mazzanti F, Belli D
We present the case study developed in the context of the 4SECURail project and the approach used for its formal modeling and analysis. Starting from a simple SysML/UML behavioral model of the system requirements, three formal models have been developed using three different frameworks, namely UMC, ProB, and CADP/LNT. The paper shows how the different ways to represent and analyze the system from the three different points of view allow us to take advantage of the resulting diversity.Source: ELECTRONIC PROCEEDINGS IN THEORETICAL COMPUTER SCIENCE, pp. 118-144. Munich, DE, 01/04/2022
DOI: 10.4204/eptcs.355.6
Project(s): 4SECURAIL
Metrics:
Mazzanti F, Belli D
We present the case study developed in the context of the 4SECURail project and the approach used for its formal modeling and analysis. Starting from a simple SysML/UML behavioral model of the system requirements, three formal models have been developed using three different frameworks, namely UMC, ProB, and CADP/LNT. The paper shows how the different ways to represent and analyze the system from the three different points of view allow us to take advantage of the resulting diversity.Source: ELECTRONIC PROCEEDINGS IN THEORETICAL COMPUTER SCIENCE, pp. 118-144. Munich, DE, 01/04/2022
DOI: 10.4204/eptcs.355.6
Project(s): 4SECURAIL
Metrics:
See at:
eptcs.web.cse.unsw.edu.au | CNR IRIS | ISTI Repository | CNR IRIS
2022
Software
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Multivariate time series dataset generator
Belli D, Miori V
Una classe Java che fornisce i costruttori e i metodi per generare data set sintetici di serie temporali multi-variate con o senza anomalie. La classe Random è usata per aggiungere la giusta percentuale di aleatorietà alla generazione dei segnali che compongono il data set. Gli schemi temporali sono stati modellati in base a funzioni trigonometriche (i.e., seno e coseno), selezionate casualmente da caratteristica a caratteristica. Per riprodurre le anomalie, viene aggiunto un po' di rumore ai segnali generati. La classe è stata pensata per testare algoritmi di apprendimento automatico sviluppati per l'individuazione di anomalie in serie temporali multi-variate.
Belli D, Miori V
Una classe Java che fornisce i costruttori e i metodi per generare data set sintetici di serie temporali multi-variate con o senza anomalie. La classe Random è usata per aggiungere la giusta percentuale di aleatorietà alla generazione dei segnali che compongono il data set. Gli schemi temporali sono stati modellati in base a funzioni trigonometriche (i.e., seno e coseno), selezionate casualmente da caratteristica a caratteristica. Per riprodurre le anomalie, viene aggiunto un po' di rumore ai segnali generati. La classe è stata pensata per testare algoritmi di apprendimento automatico sviluppati per l'individuazione di anomalie in serie temporali multi-variate.
See at:
github.com | CNR IRIS | CNR IRIS
2022
Conference article
Open Access
The 4SECURail formal methods demonstrator
Mazzanti F, Belli D
The need for high-quality standard interfaces is widely recognized as a mandatory step to reduce procurement costs and create safely operating complex railway infrastructures. That is why European initiatives like EULYNX have been set up precisely with the purpose of supporting standard interfaces development. The exploitation of formal methods during the phase of standardization plays an essential role in raising the quality of the generated specifications. 4SECURail is a recent project that aims to precisely show, with a structured evaluation (known as the formal methods demonstrator), how formal methods might help to improve the quality of a specific signalling interface selected as case study. This paper describes the experience gained with the experiment.DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-05814-1_11
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.6245955
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.6245956
Project(s): 4SECURAIL
Metrics:
Mazzanti F, Belli D
The need for high-quality standard interfaces is widely recognized as a mandatory step to reduce procurement costs and create safely operating complex railway infrastructures. That is why European initiatives like EULYNX have been set up precisely with the purpose of supporting standard interfaces development. The exploitation of formal methods during the phase of standardization plays an essential role in raising the quality of the generated specifications. 4SECURail is a recent project that aims to precisely show, with a structured evaluation (known as the formal methods demonstrator), how formal methods might help to improve the quality of a specific signalling interface selected as case study. This paper describes the experience gained with the experiment.DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-05814-1_11
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.6245955
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.6245956
Project(s): 4SECURAIL
Metrics:
See at:
ZENODO | ZENODO | CNR IRIS | link.springer.com | ISTI Repository | doi.org | CNR IRIS | CNR IRIS
2022
Conference article
Open Access
The 4SECURail approach to formalizing standard interfaces between signalling systems components
Belli D, Fantechi A, Gnesi S, Masullo L, Mazzanti F, Pistilli G, Quadrini L, Trentini D, Vaghi C
In the context of the Shift2Rail open call S2R-OC-IP2-01-2019, one of the two work streams of the 4SECURail project (GA 881775) pursues the objective to corroborate how a clear, rigorous standard interface specification between signalling sub-systems can be designed by applying an approach based on semi-formal and formal methods. The objective is addressed by developing a demonstrator case study of the application of formal methods to the specification of standard interfaces, aimed at consolidating the most suitable techniques for rigorous standard interface specification, as well as at supporting a Cost-Benefit Analysis to back this strategy with sound economic arguments. This paper discusses the main results of the project.Source: TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH PROCEDIA. Lisbon, Portugal, 13-14/11/2022
Project(s): 4SECURAIL
Belli D, Fantechi A, Gnesi S, Masullo L, Mazzanti F, Pistilli G, Quadrini L, Trentini D, Vaghi C
In the context of the Shift2Rail open call S2R-OC-IP2-01-2019, one of the two work streams of the 4SECURail project (GA 881775) pursues the objective to corroborate how a clear, rigorous standard interface specification between signalling sub-systems can be designed by applying an approach based on semi-formal and formal methods. The objective is addressed by developing a demonstrator case study of the application of formal methods to the specification of standard interfaces, aimed at consolidating the most suitable techniques for rigorous standard interface specification, as well as at supporting a Cost-Benefit Analysis to back this strategy with sound economic arguments. This paper discusses the main results of the project.Source: TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH PROCEDIA. Lisbon, Portugal, 13-14/11/2022
Project(s): 4SECURAIL
See at:
CNR IRIS | ISTI Repository | CNR IRIS