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2025
Journal article
Open Access
3D mapping of static magnetic field magnitude and axial-components around a total body 3T MRI clinical scanner
Girardello F., D'Avanzo M. A., Mattozzi M., Ferro V. M., Acri G., Hartwig V.
Objective The technology employed in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) systems has evolved continuously, resulting in MRI scanners with stronger static magnetic fields (SMF) B0, faster and stronger gradient magnetic fields, and more powerful radiofrequency transmission coils. The most well-known hazard associated with an MRI environment is the projectile effect due to Spatial Field Gradient (SFG). Furthermore, movement through the SFG generates a time-varying magnetic field, which in turn induces a voltage in body tissues. This has the potential to result in a range of physiological symptoms, including headache, nausea, vertigo, phosphenes, numbness, tingling, loss of proprioception, and balance disturbances.Approach The methodology outlined in this study provides a comprehensive and reliable approach to creating a 3D map of the SMF (fringe field) around a clinical MRI facility. The methodology involves measuring the unperturbed B field, including magnitude and axial components, in specific points and subsequently performing a mathematical procedure involving fitting and interpolation.Main results Fringe field magnitude and axial components 3D maps are presented for a 3T whole-body MRI scanner for clinical application located in a hospital facility.Significance The map obtained could be used for a number of purposes, including the evaluation of hazard. This could be achieved by using digital tools to create a simulation of all types of MRI workers movements within the facility. The map could also be used for the training and education of MRI operators, with a view to establishing best practices. The estimation of magnetic field axial components represents a valuable enhancement, as these data can be used to calculate induced electric fields during rotational movements, such as those of the head or torso.Source: FRONTIERS IN PUBLIC HEALTH, vol. 13
DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2025.1625728
DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.2508.04432
Project(s): Digital Risk Evaluation in Magnetic Resonance
Metrics:
Girardello F., D'Avanzo M. A., Mattozzi M., Ferro V. M., Acri G., Hartwig V.
Objective The technology employed in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) systems has evolved continuously, resulting in MRI scanners with stronger static magnetic fields (SMF) B0, faster and stronger gradient magnetic fields, and more powerful radiofrequency transmission coils. The most well-known hazard associated with an MRI environment is the projectile effect due to Spatial Field Gradient (SFG). Furthermore, movement through the SFG generates a time-varying magnetic field, which in turn induces a voltage in body tissues. This has the potential to result in a range of physiological symptoms, including headache, nausea, vertigo, phosphenes, numbness, tingling, loss of proprioception, and balance disturbances.Approach The methodology outlined in this study provides a comprehensive and reliable approach to creating a 3D map of the SMF (fringe field) around a clinical MRI facility. The methodology involves measuring the unperturbed B field, including magnitude and axial components, in specific points and subsequently performing a mathematical procedure involving fitting and interpolation.Main results Fringe field magnitude and axial components 3D maps are presented for a 3T whole-body MRI scanner for clinical application located in a hospital facility.Significance The map obtained could be used for a number of purposes, including the evaluation of hazard. This could be achieved by using digital tools to create a simulation of all types of MRI workers movements within the facility. The map could also be used for the training and education of MRI operators, with a view to establishing best practices. The estimation of magnetic field axial components represents a valuable enhancement, as these data can be used to calculate induced electric fields during rotational movements, such as those of the head or torso.Source: FRONTIERS IN PUBLIC HEALTH, vol. 13
DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2025.1625728
DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.2508.04432
Project(s): Digital Risk Evaluation in Magnetic Resonance
Metrics:
See at:
arXiv.org e-Print Archive 
| Frontiers in Public Health | CNR IRIS | PubMed Central | PubMed Central | www.frontiersin.org | Archivio Istituzionale della Ricerca- Università degli Studi di Messina 
| doi.org | Archivio Istituzionale della Ricerca- Università degli Studi di Messina | CNR IRIS
2025
Journal article
Open Access
Spatial-varying magnetic field evaluation during activities in an NMR laboratory
Ferro V. M., D'Avanzo M. A., Mattozzi M., Testagrossa B., Ruello E., Denaro L., Sansotta C., Girardello F., Hartwig V., Acri G.
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) systems, vital in both academic and industrial labs, pose inherent risks from increasingly strong static magnetic fields, radiofrequency (RF) fields, and spatial magnetic field gradients. To address these electromagnetic hazards, the EU and ICNIRP have defined worker exposure limits. This research focused on assessing risks in a typical NMR lab, specifically for workers with Active Implantable Medical Devices (AIMDs). We precisely measured the static magnetic field around an 11.7 Tesla NMR spectrometer and computationally modeled the electric field induced in operators by their movements. Our analysis showed that all calculated exposure parameters were below legislative limits for acute occupational exposure. However, a critical finding was that the static magnetic field exposure exceeded the action level for AIMD wearers during tasks requiring close proximity to the spectrometer. This highlights a significant safety concern, demanding specific protocols for this vulnerable groupSource: WSEAS TRANSACTIONS ON BIOLOGY AND BIOMEDICINE, vol. 22, pp. 420-429
DOI: 10.37394/23208.2025.22.39
Project(s): Digital Risk Evaluation in Magnetic Resonance
Metrics:
Ferro V. M., D'Avanzo M. A., Mattozzi M., Testagrossa B., Ruello E., Denaro L., Sansotta C., Girardello F., Hartwig V., Acri G.
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) systems, vital in both academic and industrial labs, pose inherent risks from increasingly strong static magnetic fields, radiofrequency (RF) fields, and spatial magnetic field gradients. To address these electromagnetic hazards, the EU and ICNIRP have defined worker exposure limits. This research focused on assessing risks in a typical NMR lab, specifically for workers with Active Implantable Medical Devices (AIMDs). We precisely measured the static magnetic field around an 11.7 Tesla NMR spectrometer and computationally modeled the electric field induced in operators by their movements. Our analysis showed that all calculated exposure parameters were below legislative limits for acute occupational exposure. However, a critical finding was that the static magnetic field exposure exceeded the action level for AIMD wearers during tasks requiring close proximity to the spectrometer. This highlights a significant safety concern, demanding specific protocols for this vulnerable groupSource: WSEAS TRANSACTIONS ON BIOLOGY AND BIOMEDICINE, vol. 22, pp. 420-429
DOI: 10.37394/23208.2025.22.39
Project(s): Digital Risk Evaluation in Magnetic Resonance
Metrics:
See at:
WSEAS TRANSACTIONS ON BIOLOGY AND BIOMEDICINE | CNR IRIS | wseas.com | CNR IRIS
2025
Journal article
Open Access
Comparison of magnetic field characteristics among 3 tesla MRI scanners: an experimental measurement study
Girardello F., D'Avanzo M. A., Mattozzi M., Ferro V. M., Acri G., Hartwig V.
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanners have advanced significantly, with a growing use of high-field 3 T systems. This evolution gives rise to safety concerns for healthcare personnel working in proximity to MRI equipment. While manufacturers provide theoretical Gauss line projections, these are typically derived under ideal open-environment conditions and may not reflect real-world installations. For this reason, identical MRI models can produce markedly different fringe field distributions depending on shielding and room configurations. The present study proposes an experimental methodology for the mapping of the fringe magnetic field in the vicinity of three 3 T MRI scanners. Field measurements were interpolated to generate three-dimensional magnetic field maps. A comparative analysis was conducted, which revealed notable differences among the scanners. These differences serve to highlight the influence of site-specific factors on magnetic field propagationSource: WSEAS TRANSACTIONS ON BIOLOGY AND BIOMEDICINE, vol. 22, pp. 490-504
DOI: 10.37394/23208.2025.22.45
Project(s): Digital Risk Evaluation in Magnetic Resonance
Metrics:
Girardello F., D'Avanzo M. A., Mattozzi M., Ferro V. M., Acri G., Hartwig V.
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanners have advanced significantly, with a growing use of high-field 3 T systems. This evolution gives rise to safety concerns for healthcare personnel working in proximity to MRI equipment. While manufacturers provide theoretical Gauss line projections, these are typically derived under ideal open-environment conditions and may not reflect real-world installations. For this reason, identical MRI models can produce markedly different fringe field distributions depending on shielding and room configurations. The present study proposes an experimental methodology for the mapping of the fringe magnetic field in the vicinity of three 3 T MRI scanners. Field measurements were interpolated to generate three-dimensional magnetic field maps. A comparative analysis was conducted, which revealed notable differences among the scanners. These differences serve to highlight the influence of site-specific factors on magnetic field propagationSource: WSEAS TRANSACTIONS ON BIOLOGY AND BIOMEDICINE, vol. 22, pp. 490-504
DOI: 10.37394/23208.2025.22.45
Project(s): Digital Risk Evaluation in Magnetic Resonance
Metrics: