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2005 Journal article Restricted
Interoperability testing of web services for e-learning
Polini A
Web Services technologies seem to open interesting unexplored scenarios in the e-Learning domain. Particularly appealing is the possibility of defining and standardizing Services that when implemented and composed, will result in complex e-learning applications. However an agreed standard specification per se is not sufficient, rather methodologies for validating conformance against it must also be released. This paper discusses current approaches standardise Web Service specification and implementation and outlines an approach to conformance verification of services through testing, aiming at reducing the risk of interoperability issues at execution time.

See at: CNR IRIS Restricted | CNR IRIS Restricted


2004 Conference article Restricted
Early performance testing of distributed software applications
Denaro G, Polini A, Emmerich W
Performance characteristics, such as response time, throughput and scalability, are key quality attributes of distributed applications. Current practice, however, rarely applies systematic techniques to evaluate performance characteristics. We argue that evaluation of performance is particularly crucial in early development stages, when important architectural choices are made. At first glance, this contradicts the use of testing techniques, which are usually applied towards the end of a project. In this paper, we assume that many distributed systems are built with middleware technologies,such as the Java 2 Enterprise Edition (J2EE) or the Common Object Request Broker Architecture (CORBA).These provide services and facilities whose implementations are available when architectures are defined. We also note that it is the middleware functionality, such as transaction and persistence services, remote communication primitives and threading policy primitives, that dominate distributed system performance. Drawing on these observations, this paper presents a novel approach to performance testing of distributed applications. We propose to derive application-specific test cases from architecture designs so that performance of a distributed application can be tested using the middleware software at early stages of a development process.We report empirical results that support the viability of the approach.

See at: CNR IRIS Restricted | CNR IRIS Restricted


2004 Contribution to book Open Access OPEN
Performance testing of distributed component architecture
Denaro G, Polini A, Emmerich W
Performance characteristics, such as response time, throughput, and scalability, are key quality attributes of distributed applications. Current practice,however, rarely applies systematic techniques to evaluate performance characteristics. We argue that evaluation of performance is particularly crucial in early development stages, when important architectural choices are made. At first glance, this contradicts the use of testing techniques, which are usually applied toward the end of a project. In this chapter, we assume that many distributed systems are built with middleware technologies, such as the Java 2 Enterprise Edition (J2EE) or the Common Object Request Broker Architecture (CORBA). These provide services and facilities whose implementations are available when architectures are defined. We also note that it is the middleware functionality, such as transaction and persistence services, remote communication primitives, and threading policy primitives, that dominates distributed system performance. Drawing on these observations, this chapter presents a novel approach to performance testing of distributed applications. We propose to derive application-specific test cases from architecture designs so that the performance of a distributed application can be tested based on the middleware software at early stages of a development process. We report empirical results that support the viability of the approach.

See at: CNR IRIS Open Access | CNR IRIS Restricted


2005 Other Open Access OPEN
Interoperability testing of web services for e-learning
Polini A
Web Services technologies seem to open interesting unexplored scenarios in the e-Learning domain. Particularly appealing is the possibility of defining and standardizing Services that when implemented and composed, will result in complex e-learning applications. However an agreed standard specification per se is not sufficient, rather methodologies for validating conformance against it must also be released. This paper discusses current approaches standardise Web Service specification and implementation and outlines an approach to conformance verification of services through testing, aiming at reducing the risk of interoperability issues at execution time.

See at: CNR IRIS Open Access | ISTI Repository Open Access | CNR IRIS Restricted


2005 Other Open Access OPEN
Towards an architectural approach for the dynamic and automatic composition of software components
Bucchiarone A, Pelliccione P, Polini A, Tivoli M
Roughly speaking, a component-based software system is an assembly of reusable components, designed to meet the system requirements identified during the architecting phase. Components are specified, designed and implemented with the intention to be reused, and are assembled in various contexts in order to produce a multitude of software systems. The correct functioning of a component-based system depends on both the properties of the single components and the properties of the assembly code. One main problem in component assembly is related to the ability to establish properties on the assembly code by only assuming a limited knowledge of the single component properties. Our answer to this problem is a Software Architecture (SA) based approach in which standard and synthesis-oriented architectural analysis are combined together in order to efficiently and correctly assemble a system out of a set of already implemented components. Our method model-checks the SA of the system respect to desired requirements and assumes the SA as starting point for the synthesis-oriented process. This process is performed to automatically derive a dynamic and correct component assembly. Although in the system life-cycle components change the SA does not change (if the requirements still remain unmodified). Thus, the SA can be used as starting point for deriving adaptors to correctly replace (at run-time) components in the composed system.

See at: CNR IRIS Open Access | ISTI Repository Open Access | CNR IRIS Restricted


2004 Other Open Access OPEN
Performance Testing of Distributed Component Architecture
Denaro G, Polini A, Emmerich W
Performance characteristics, such as response time, throughput, and scalability, are key quality attributes of distributed applications. Current practice,however, rarely applies systematic techniques to evaluate performance characteristics. We argue that evaluation of performance is particularly crucial in early development stages, when important architectural choices are made. At first glance, this contradicts the use of testing techniques, which are usually applied toward the end of a project. In this chapter, we assume that many distributed systems are built with middleware technologies, such as the Java 2 Enterprise Edition (J2EE) or the Common Object Request Broker Architecture (CORBA). These provide services and facilities whose implementations are available when architectures are defined. We also note that it is the middleware functionality, such as transaction and persistence services, remote communication primitives, and threading policy primitives, that dominates distributed system performance. Drawing on these observations, this chapter presents a novel approach to performance testing of distributed applications. We propose to derive application-specific test cases from architecture designs so that the performance of a distributed application can be tested based on the middleware software at early stages of a development process. We report empirical results that support the viability of the approach.

See at: CNR IRIS Open Access | ISTI Repository Open Access | CNR IRIS Restricted


2004 Other Open Access OPEN
Testing component-based software systems
Polini A
An abstract is not available

See at: CNR IRIS Open Access | CNR IRIS Restricted


2006 Journal article Restricted
Audition of Web services for testing conformance to open specified protocols
Bertolino A, Frantzen L, Polini A, Tretmans J
A Web Service (WS) is a type of component specifically conceived for distributed machine-to-machine interaction. Interoperability between WSs involves both data and messages exchanged and protocols of usage, and is pursued via the establishment of standard specifications to which service providers must conform. In previous work we have envisaged a framework for WS testing. Within this framework, this paper focuses on how the intended protocol of access for a standard service could be specified, and especially on how the conformance of a service instance to this specified protocol can then be tested. We propose to augment the WSDL description with a UML2.0 Protocol State Machine (PSM) diagram. The PSM is intended to express how, and under which conditions, the service provided by a component through its ports and interfaces can be accessed by a client. We then propose to translate the PSM to a Symbolic Transition System, to which existing formal testing theory and tools can be readily applied for conformance evaluation. A simple example illustrates the approach and highlights the peculiar challenges raised by WS conformance testing.

See at: CNR IRIS Restricted | CNR IRIS Restricted


2007 Conference article Restricted
Architectural verification of black-box component-based systems
Bertolino A, Muccini H, Polini A
We introduce an original approach, which combines monitoring and model checking techniques into a comprehensive methodology for the architectural verification of Component-based systems. The approach works by first capturing the traces of execution via the instrumented middleware; then, the observed traces are reverse engineered into Message Sequence Charts, which are then checked for compliance to the Component-based Software Architecture, using a model checker. The methodology has been conceived for being applied indifferently for validating the system in house before deployment and for continuous validation in the field following evolution. A case study for the first case is here illustrated.DOI: 10.1007/978-3-540-71876-5
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See at: CNR IRIS Restricted | CNR IRIS Restricted | www.springerlink.com Restricted


2007 Conference article Restricted
Monitoring architectural properties in dynamic component-based systems
Muccini H, Polini A, Ricci F, Bertolino A
Modern systems are increasingly required to be capable to evolve at run-time, in particular allowing for the dynamic plugging of new features. It is important that this evolution happens preserving some established properties (which can concern the structure, the interaction patterns, or crucial extra-functional properties, such as reliability or security), and due to dynamicity this needs to be checked at run-time, as the changes occur. In this work we consider evolving component-based systems formed by a kernel architecture to which new components can be plugged in at run-time, and introduce the MOSAICO approach for the run-time monitoring of architectural properties. MOSAICO uses Aspect-oriented technologies for instrumenting and monitoring the system according to selected architectural properties. MOSAICO can handle evolving black-box component systems since it continuously watches the events occurring at the extension points of the kernel architecture.The application of a prototype implementation of MOSAICO, capable to handle interaction pattern properties, is illustrated on the NewsFeeder case study.DOI: 10.1007/978-3-540-73551-9
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See at: CNR IRIS Restricted | CNR IRIS Restricted | www.springerlink.com Restricted


2007 Journal article Restricted
Testing software components for integration: a survey of issues and techniques
Rehman M J, Jabeen F, Bertolino A, Polini A
Component-based development has emerged as a system engineering approach that promises rapid software development with fewer resources. Yet, improved reuse and reduced cost benefits from software components can only be achieved in practice if the components provide reliable services, thereby rendering component analysis and testing a key activity. This paper discusses various issues that can arise in component testing by the component user at the stage of its integration within the target system. The crucial problem is the lack of information for analysis and testing of externally developed components. Several testing techniques for component integration have recently been proposed. These techniques are surveyed here and classified according to a proposed set of relevant attributes. The paper thus provides a comprehensive overview which can be useful as introductory reading for newcomers in this research field, as well as to stimulate further investigation. Copyright 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.Source: SOFTWARE TESTING VERIFICATION & RELIABILITY, vol. 17 (issue 2), pp. 95-133
DOI: 10.1002/stvr.357
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See at: Software Testing Verification and Reliability Restricted | CNR IRIS Restricted | CNR IRIS Restricted | onlinelibrary.wiley.com Restricted


2005 Conference article Metadata Only Access
Applying advanced UML based testing methodology to e-learning
Gao J, Marchetti E, Polini A
We present an ongoing experience in the application of UML based testing methodology in an e-Learning environment. In particular, we focus on the interaction of learning objects and Learning Management Systems (LMS). This paper reports the application of the proposed technology for test case generation considering the SCORM specifications as the reference specification.

See at: CNR IRIS Restricted


2005 Conference article Closed Access
The audition framework for testing web services interoperability
Antonia Bertolino, Andrea Polini
Service oriented architectures and Web services are emerging technologies, which have overall inherited problems and advantages from the component-based approach, but exacerbated the aspects of loose coupling, distribution and dynamism of "components", here elements furnishing published services on external client requests. In this paper, we highlight the urgent need for methodologies supporting Web services reliable interaction, and in particular deal with testing concerns. We then propose a framework that extends UDDI registry role from the current one of a "passive" service directory, to also sort of an accredited testing organism, which validates service behaviour before actually registering it. This testing stage (called audition) mainly focuses on interoperability issues, so to facilitate the coordination among services registered at the same UDDI. The audition needs to rely on a Web service specification augmented with information on how the service has to be invoked. We propose that this information is given in the form of a protocol state machine, which is a newly introduced behaviour diagram of the UML 2.0.Source: 31st Euromicro Conference on Software Engineering and Advanced Applications, pp. 134–142, Porto, 30 Aug.-3 Sept. 2005
DOI: 10.1109/euromicro.2005.55
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See at: doi.org Restricted | ieeexplore.ieee.org Restricted | CNR ExploRA


2002 Conference article Restricted
Re-thinking the development process of component-based software
Bertolino A, Polini A
This paper contribution to the ECBS workshop is a position statement that a wide gap exists between the technologies for Component-based Software Engineering and the scientific foundations on which this technology relies. What is mostly lacking is a revised model for the development process. We very quickly outline a skeleton for re-thinking the models that have shaped the software production in the last decades, and we start to make some speculations, in particular for what concerns the testing stages. As a working example, we take in consideration the Enterprise Java Beans framework. However, our research goal is to draw generally valid conclusions and insights.

See at: CNR IRIS Restricted | CNR IRIS Restricted


2002 Conference article Restricted
WCT: a wrapper for component testing
Bertolino A, Polini A
Within component based (CB) software development, testing becomes a crucial activity for interoperability validation, but enabling test execution over an externally acquired component is difficult and labor-intensive. To address such problem, we propose the WCT component, a generic test wrapper that dynamically adapts the component interfaces, making the test execution independent from any specific component implementation. The wrapper does not require that the component implements any specific interface for testing purposes, it permits to easily reconfigure the subsystem under test after the introduction/removal/substitution of a component, and helps optimize test reuse, by keeping trace of the test cases that directly affect the wrapped component.

See at: CNR IRIS Restricted | CNR IRIS Restricted


2004 Other Open Access OPEN
Towards Anti-model-based Testing
Bertolino A, Polini A, Inverardi P, Muccini H
Model-driven approaches have been recently utilized by software engineers for analysis and testing purposes with promising results. Unfortunately, such approaches cannot be applied whenever the system model is unavailable. We propose some alternative approaches in these cases; even when system models and software code are not available, an anti-model-based testing technique might produce useful results.In this paper we outline how a reverse engineered model can be produced by analyzing execution traces derived via operational testing.

See at: CNR IRIS Open Access | ISTI Repository Open Access | CNR IRIS Restricted


2004 Contribution to book Restricted
A user oriented framework for component deployment testing
Bertolino A, Polini A
In this chapter we presented a framework for the easier and efficient execution of test cases in a component based environment. The framework is meant to give a partial answer to the need of the techniques for test derivation and execution since the traditional ones have been recognized as inadequate. In particular the main intention of the framework is to provide a simple mechanism for the execution of test cases derived by the component user on the basis of the system architecture specification, to validate the choice of possible candidate components. We intend to release shortly, for free download, a beta version of the framework implementing the illustrated funcionality. We verified our ideas on a simple case study that has been used in this chapter to present how a generic component user can take advantage from the usage of the framework. IN the next future we will further investigate the advantages tha the use of the framework can bring, and develop add-on tools to aid the user of the framework.

See at: CNR IRIS Restricted | CNR IRIS Restricted


2007 Software Metadata Only Access
WS-Guard
Polini A, Bertolino A
WS-Guard (WS-Guaranteeing Uddi Audition at Registration and Discovery) provides an implementation of the Audition Framework. Main idea of the Audition framework is to augment the registration phase of a service within a registry with a testing phase. Registration is then guaranteed only if the service passes the testing phase. WS-Guard to derive test cases to be applied to services requires the availability behavioral models in the form of Service State Machines (SSM).

See at: CNR IRIS Restricted


2007 Software Metadata Only Access
Puppet
Gugliemo De Angelis, Andrea Polini, Antonia Bertolino
In the last years both industry and academia have shown a great interest in ensuring consistent cooperation for business-critical services, with contractually agreed levels of Quality of Service. Service Level Agreement specifications as well as techniques for their evaluation are nowadays irremissible assets. Puppet (Pick UP Performance Evaluation Test-bed) is an approach supported by an implementation tool for the automatic generation of test-beds to empirically evaluate the QoS features of a Web Service under development. Specifically, the generation exploits the information about the coordinating scenario, the service description (WSDL) and the specification of the agreements (WS-Agreement).

See at: CNR IRIS Restricted


2007 Other Metadata Only Access
Training And Research On Testing (TAROT) - FP6
Bertolino A, Frantzen L, Polini A
Tarot focuses on the protocols, services and systems testing, that is an essential but empirical and neglected domain of validation and Quality of Service (QoS). The TAROT network aims to strengthen and develop the collaboration among major European testing communities. Moreover TAROT will promote testing in education, research, software engineering and industry. In order to achieve this objective, the participants will provide training courses, including Ph.D. programs and summer schools. In addition, workshops will be organized, thanks to which the TAROT network will communicate its results, and maybe find other partners.

See at: CNR IRIS Restricted | www.int-evry.fr Restricted