2019
Journal article
Open Access
Dissecting global air traffic data to discern different types and trends of transnational human mobility
Gabrielli L, Deutschmann E, Natale F, Recchi E, Vespe MHuman mobility across national borders is a key phenomenon of our time. At the global scale, however, we still know relatively little about the structure and nature of such transnational movements. This study uses a large dataset on monthly air passenger traffic between 239 countries worldwide from 2010 to 2018 to gain new insights into (a) mobility trends over time and (b) types of mobility. A time series decomposition is used to extract a trend and a seasonal component. The trend component permits--at a higher level of granularity than previous sources--to examine the development of mobility between countries and to test how it is affected by policy and infrastructural changes, economic developments, and violent conflict. The seasonal component allows, by measuring the lag between initial and return motion, to discern different types of mobility, from tourism to seasonal work migration. Moreover, the exact shape of seasonal mobility patterns is extracted, allowing to identify regular mobility peaks and nadirs throughout the year. The result is a unique classification of trends and types of mobility for a global set of country pairs. A range of implications and possible applications are discussed.Source: EPJ DATA SCIENCE, vol. 8, pp. 1-24
DOI: 10.1140/epjds/s13688-019-0204-xMetrics:
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EPJ Data Science
| epjdatascience.springeropen.com
| EPJ Data Science
| CNR IRIS
| ISTI Repository
| CNR IRIS
2022
Journal article
Open Access
Did exposure to asylum seeking migration affect the electoral outcome of the 'Alternative für Deutschland' in Berlin? Evidence from the 2019 european elections
Pettrachin A, Gabrielli L, Kim J, Ludwigdehm S, Potzschke SThis article analyses the impact of exposure to asylum-seeking migration during the European 'refugee crisis' on votes for the far-right Alternative für Deutschland at the 2019 European elections in Berlin. While other scholars investigated the relationship between locals' exposure to asylum-seekers and far-right voting, we analyse this relationship at a very small scale (electoral district level), adopting an innovative methodological approach, based on geo-localization techniques and high-resolution spatial statistics. Furthermore, we assess the impact on this relationship of some previously neglected variables. Through spatial regression models, we show that exposure to asylum-seeking migration is negatively correlated with AfD vote shares, which provides support for so-called 'contact theory' and that the relationship is stronger in better-off districts. Remarkably, the relationship is weaker in districts containing bigger reception centres, which suggests that the effects of asylum-seeking migration depend on the perceived contact intensity (and, therefore, a moderating effect of reception centre size). Finally, the effects of districts' socio-economic deprivation on the relationship between exposure to asylum-seeking migration and AfD vote shares is different in districts located in former East and West Berlin, which suggests an effect of socio-cultural history on the relationship between exposure to migration and far-right voting.Source: JOURNAL OF ETHNIC AND MIGRATION STUDIES
DOI: 10.1080/1369183x.2022.2100543Metrics:
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CNR IRIS
| ISTI Repository
| www.tandfonline.com
| CNR IRIS
2023
Journal article
Open Access
Roads, rails, and checkpoints: assessing the permeability of nation-state borders worldwide
Deutschmann E, Gabrielli L, Recchi EThe permeability of nation-state borders determines the flow of people and commodities between countries and therefore greatly influences many aspects of human development from trade and economic inequality to migration and the ethnic composition of societies worldwide. While past research on the topic has focused on border fortification (walls, fences, etc.) or the legal dimension of border controls, we take a different approach by arguing that transport infrastructure (paths, roads, railroads, ferries) together with political checkpoints can be used as valuable indicators for the permeability of borders worldwide. More and better transport infrastructure increases permeability, whereas checkpoints create the political capacity for reducing entries. Using automatized computational methods combined with extensive manual checks, we parse data from OpenStreetMap and the World Food Programme to detect cross-border transport infrastructure and checkpoints. Based on this information, we define an index of border permeability for 312 land borders globally. Subsequent analyses show that regardless of the degree of closure enforcement at checkpoints, Europe and Africa have the most, and the Americas the least, permeable borders worldwide. Regression models reveal that border permeability is higher in densely populated areas and that economic development, by far the most relevant explanatory factor, has a curvilinear relationship with border permeability: Borders of very rich and very poor countries are highly permeable, whereas those of moderately prosperous nation-states are significantly harder to cross. Implications of this remarkably clear pattern are discussed.Source: WORLD DEVELOPMENT, vol. 164 (issue 106175)
DOI: 10.1016/j.worlddev.2022.106175Metrics:
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World Development
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| www.sciencedirect.com
| CNR IRIS
2018
Other
Metadata Only Access
Towards big data methods and technologies for official statistics
Lorenzo GabrielliThis thesis aims to demonstrate in a tangible way how mobile phone data, private vehicle tracks, and scanner data are useful for measuring complex systems. The three main areas of application concerned use of Big Data: i) for measuring the presence within a territory through Data Mining techniques, ii) to now-casting socio-economic development of a country, and iii) for measuring the dynamics of cities. First, it has been developed a tool for real-time demography demonstrating how to use mobile phone data over a wide area to achieve a new Official Statistic indicators. The study showed how Big Data, either using mobile phone data or scanner data are useful and effective for carrying out a continuous census of the population. Second, it has been proposed an analytical framework able to evaluate relations between relevant aspects of human behavior and the well-being of a territory. We found out that the diversity of human mobility is a mirror of some aspects of socio-economic development and well-being. Then, we showed how mobility features help to improve the performance of state-of-the-art methodology such as small area estimation methodologies. Finally, it has been analyzed how mobility interacts with the territory due to the movement of people. We proposed to use mobile phone data and GPS tracks for city government measuring the attractiveness of cities. Furthermore, a data analysis approach aimed to identify mobility functional areas in a completely data-driven way has been proposed. The main findings of the thesis concern the statistical and ethical evaluation of results with official sources and showed that methodologies could be applied in other contexts and with different data sources as well. We showed how the geographic information contained in the data sources is incredibly useful to observe our society with a new microscope. Thanks to the opportunity provided by the varied scientific context of SoBigData, the European Research Infrastructure for Big Data and Social Mining. the Ph.D. also contributed to develop and promote responsible data science because the ethical framework is considered as part of the CRISP model, not a problem to treat apart.Project(s): SoBigData 
See at:
etd.adm.unipi.it
| CNR IRIS
2018
Journal article
Open Access
Gravity and scaling laws of city to city migration
Prieto Curiel R, Pappalardo L, Gabrielli L, Bishop S RModels of human migration provide powerful tools to forecast the flow of migrants, measure the impact of a policy, determine the cost of physical and political frictions and more. Here, we analyse the migration of individuals from and to cities in the US, finding that city to city migration follows scaling laws, so that the city size is a significant factor in determining whether, or not, an individual decides to migrate and the city size of both the origin and destination play key roles in the selection of the destination. We observe that individuals from small cities tend to migrate more frequently, tending to move to similar-sized cities, whereas individuals from large cities do not migrate so often, but when they do, they tend to move to other large cities. Building upon these findings we develop a scaling model which describes internal migration as a two-step decision process, demonstrating that it can partially explain migration fluxes based solely on city size. We then consider the impact of distance and construct a gravity-scaling model by combining the observed scaling patterns with the gravity law of migration. Results show that the scaling laws are a significant feature of human migration and that the inclusion of scaling can overcome the limits of the gravity and the radiation models of human migration.Source: PLOS ONE, vol. 13 (issue 7), pp. 1-19
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0199892Project(s): CIMPLEX 
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SoBigData
Metrics:
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PLoS ONE
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| PLoS ONE
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2020
Conference article
Open Access
Digital footprints of international migration on twitter
Kim J, Sirbu A, Giannotti F, Gabrielli LStudying migration using traditional data has some limitations. To date, there have been several studies proposing innovative methodologies to measure migration stocks and flows from social big data. Nevertheless, a uniform definition of a migrant is difficult to find as it varies from one work to another depending on the purpose of the study and nature of the dataset used. In this work, a generic methodology is developed to identify migrants within the Twitter population. This describes a migrant as a person who has the current residence different from the nationality. The residence is defined as the location where a user spends most of his/her time in a certain year. The nationality is inferred from linguistic and social connections to a migrant's country of origin. This methodology is validated first with an internal gold standard dataset and second with two official statistics, and shows strong performance scores and correlation coefficients. Our method has the advantage that it can identify both immigrants and emigrants, regardless of the origin/destination countries. The new methodology can be used to study various aspects of migration, including opinions, integration, attachment, stocks and flows, motivations for migration, etc. Here, we exemplify how trending topics across and throughout different migrant communities can be observed.DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-44584-3_22Project(s): HumMingBird 
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SoBigData
Metrics:
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Lecture Notes in Computer Science
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| link.springer.com
| link.springer.com
| ISTI Repository
| CNR IRIS
2022
Conference article
Open Access
Predicting vehicles parking behaviour for EV recharge optimization
Monteiro De Lira V, Pallonetto F, Gabrielli L, Renso CThe global electric car sales in 2020 continued to exceed the expectations climbing to over 3 millions and reaching a market share of over 4%. However, uncertainty of generation caused by higher penetration of renewable energies and the advent of Electrical Vehicles (EV) with their additional electricity demand could cause strains to the power system, both at distribution and transmission levels. The present work fits this context in supporting charging optimization for EV in parking premises assuming a incumbent high penetration of EVs in the system. We propose a methodology to predict an estimation of the parking duration in shared parking premises with the objective of estimating the energy requirement of a specific parking lot, evaluate optimal EVs charging schedule and integrate the scheduling into a smart controller. We formalize the prediction problem as a supervised machine learning task to predict the duration of the parking event before the car leaves the slot. This predicted duration feeds the energy management system that will allocate the power over the duration reducing the overall peak electricity demand. We experiment different algorithms and features combination for 4 datasets from 2 different campus facilities in Italy and Brazil. Using both contextual and time of the day features, the overall results of the models shows an higher accuracy compared to a statistical analysis based on frequency, indicating a viable route for the development of accurate predictors for sharing parking premises energy management systems.Source: CEUR WORKSHOP PROCEEDINGS, pp. 199-206. Tirrenia, Pisa, Italy, 19-22/06/2022
See at:
ceur-ws.org
| CNR IRIS
| ISTI Repository
| CNR IRIS
2023
Conference article
Open Access
Predicting EV parking behaviour in shared premises
Monteiro De Lira V., Pallonetto F., Gabrielli L., Renso C.The global electric car sales continued to exceed the expectations climbing to over 3 millions and reaching a market share of over 4%. However, uncertainty of generation caused by higher penetration of renewable energies and the advent of Electrical Vehicles (EV) with their additional electricity demand could cause strains to the power system, both at distribution and transmission levels. The present work fits this context in supporting charging optimization for EV in parking premises assuming a incumbent high penetration of EVs in the system. We propose a methodology to predict an estimation of the parking duration in shared parking premises. The final objective is estimating the energy requirement of a specific parking lot, evaluate optimal EVs charging schedule and integrate the scheduling into a smart controller. We formalize the prediction problem as a supervised machine learning task to predict the duration of the parking event before the car leaves the slot. We test the proposed approach in a combination of datasets from 2 different campus facilities in Italy and Brazil. The overall results of the models shows an higher accuracy compared to a statistical analysis based on frequency, indicating a viable route for the development of accurate predictors for sharing parking premises energy management systems.Source: BMDA 2023 - 5th International Workshop on Big Mobility Data Analytics co-located with EDBT/ICDT 2023 Joint Conference, Ioannina, Greece, 28/03/2023
Project(s): ERANet SmartGridPlus 
See at:
ceur-ws.org
| ISTI Repository
| CNR ExploRA
2013
Conference article
Restricted
Pisa tourism fluxes observatory: deriving mobility indicators from GSM calls habits
Furletti B, Gabrielli L, Rinzivillo S, Renso CThe necessity to improve the management of the resources, urged many local governments to adhere to European initiatives in the context of competitiveness and sustainability, for creating the right balance between the welfare of tourists, the needs of the natural and cultural environment and the development and competitiveness of destinations and businesses. For many Italian Municipalities, this requirements become concrete with the establishment of a tourism monitoring systems that aims at survey these phenomenon through the analysis of heterogeneous data ranging from information of the territory, energy consumption, use of the land, and linked data (arrival and departure from the airport, bus, hotels etc). We describe the permanent observatory of touristic fluxes we realized in the town of Pisa where the standard indicators have been extended with an indicator of people presence extracted from mobile GSM call data and other exploratory analyses made by using the mobile phone data.we developed a method to partition the users into residents, commuters, in transit and visitors starting from a spatio-temporal profile inferred from people call habits.
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CNR IRIS
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| perso.uclouvain.be
2013
Conference article
Restricted
Where have you been today? Annotating trajectories with DayTag
Rinzivillo S, De Lucca Siqueira F, Gabrielli L, Renso CTraditionally, the information about human mobility behav- ior, called diary, is acquired from volunteers by means of paper-and- pencil surveys. These diaries, representing the mobile activities of indi- viduals, are semantically rich, but lack in spatial and temporal precision. An alternative way is collecting diaries by annotating with activities the GPS tracks of individuals. This is more accurate from a spatio-temporal point of view, but the manual annotation becomes a burdensome work for the user. The tool we propose, called DayTag, is designed as a per- sonal assistant to help an individual to reconstruct her/his diary from the GPS tracks collected by a smartphone. The user interacts through the software to visualize and annotate the trajectories, thus resulting in a simple way to get user diaries.Project(s): SEEK 
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CNR IRIS
| CNR IRIS
2014
Contribution to book
Restricted
Transportation planning based on GSM traces: a case study on Ivory Coast
Nanni M, Trasarti R, Furletti B, Gabrielli L, Van Der Mede P, De Brujin J, De Romph E, Bruil GIn this work we present an analysis process that exploits mobile phone transaction (trajectory) data to infer a transport demand model for the territory under monitoring. In particular, long-term analysis of individual call traces are performed to reconstruct systematic movements, and to infer an origin-destination matrix. We will show a case study on Ivory Coast, with emphasis on its major urbanization Abidjan. The case study includes the exploitation of the inferred mobility demand model in the construction of a transport model that projects the demand onto the transportation network (obtained from open data), and thus allows an understanding of current and future infrastructure requirements of the country.DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-04178-0_2Metrics:
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doi.org
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| CNR IRIS
| link.springer.com
2013
Conference article
Restricted
MP4A project: mobility planning for Africa
Nanni M, Trasarti R, Furletti B, Gabrielli L, Van Der Mede P, De Bruijn J, De Romph E, Bruil GThis project aims to create a tool that uses mobile phone transaction (trajectory) data that will be able to address transportation related challenges, thus allowing promotion and facilitation of sustainable urban mobility planning in Third World countries. The proposed tool is a transport demand model for Ivory Coast, with emphasis on its major urbanization Abidjan. The consortium will bring together available data from the internet, and integrate these with the mobility data obtained from the mobile phones in order to build the best possible transport model. A transport model allows an understanding of current and future infrastructure requirements in Ivory Coast. As such, this project will provide the first proof of concept. In this context, long-term analysis of individual call traces will be performed to reconstruct systematic movements, and to infer an origin-destination matrix. A similar process will be performed using the locations of caller and recipient of phone calls, enabling the comparison of socio-economic ties vs. mobility. The emerging links between different areas will be used to build an effective map to optimize regional border definitions and road infrastructure from a mobility perspective. Finally, we will try to build specialized origin-destination matrices for specific categories of population. Such categories will be inferred from data through analysis of calling behaviours, and will also be used to characterize the population of different cities. The project also includes a study of data compliance with distributions of standard measures observed in literature, including distribution of calls, call durations and call network features.
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CNR IRIS
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| perso.uclouvain.be
2015
Other
Restricted
Application of ETL techniques for SmartCity Malaga dataset
Rinzivillo S, Pennacchioli D, Gabrielli L, Giannotti FIn this document we present a framework to aggregate data collected by sensors deployed in a portion of a distribution grid. The system provides functionalities to model the topological properties of the distribution grid, to harmonize and integrate readings coming from the sensors, to store and query efficiently the data, to visualize with a clear interface the timeseries collected. The rest of the document is organized as follows: first we show how we model the distribution grid with a graph-based representation; we describe the extraction, transformation and loading procedure; then we describe the visual interface to present the data to the analyst.
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CNR IRIS
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2015
Other
Restricted
Compatibility analysis of the current mobility with electrified vehicles (D4)
Rinzivillo S, Giannotti F, Pennacchioli D, Gabrielli LThe availability of GPS-enabled devices has fostered the collection of large datasets of movements of people. This provides us a big opportunity to study human mobility behavior and to understand the key features to modify in order to improve the efficiency of individual movements. This efficiency has been studied in terms of mitigation of side effects of high density traffic, like jams, pollution, space occupancy. In this work, we concentrate on the study of the energy efficiency of movements, by considering a new emerging mean of transportation based on electric powered engines. In this document we explore the compatibility of the current mobility habits with electric engine technology, discussing improvement and solution to promote or improve the spatial range and extent of current vehicles.
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CNR IRIS
| CNR IRIS