2024
Journal article
Open Access
Deep learning and structural health monitoring: a TFT-based approach for anomaly detection in masonry towers
Falchi F., Girardi M., Gurioli G., Messina N., Padovani C., Pellegrini D.
Detecting anomalies in the vibrational features of age-old buildings is crucial within the Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) framework. The SHM techniques can leverage information from onsite measurements and environmental sources to identify the dynamic properties (such as the frequencies) of the monitored structure, searching for possible deviations or unusual behavior over time. In this paper, the Temporal Fusion Transformer (TFT) network, a deep learning algorithm initially designed for multi-horizon time series forecasting and tested on electricity, traffic, retail, and volatility problems, is applied to SHM. The TFT approach is adopted to investigate the behavior of the Guinigi Tower located in Lucca (Italy) and subjected to a long-term dynamic monitoring campaign. The TFT network is trained on the tower's experimental frequencies enriched with other environmental parameters. The transformer is then employed to predict the vibrational features (natural frequencies, root mean squares values of the velocity time series) and detect possible anomalies or unexpected events by inspecting how much the actual frequencies deviate from the predicted ones. The TFT technique is used to detect the effects of the Viareggio earthquake that occurred on 6 February 2022, and the structural damage induced by three simulated damage scenarios.Source: Social Science Research Network (2024). doi:10.2139/ssrn.4679906
DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.4679906
Metrics:
Falchi F., Girardi M., Gurioli G., Messina N., Padovani C., Pellegrini D.
Detecting anomalies in the vibrational features of age-old buildings is crucial within the Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) framework. The SHM techniques can leverage information from onsite measurements and environmental sources to identify the dynamic properties (such as the frequencies) of the monitored structure, searching for possible deviations or unusual behavior over time. In this paper, the Temporal Fusion Transformer (TFT) network, a deep learning algorithm initially designed for multi-horizon time series forecasting and tested on electricity, traffic, retail, and volatility problems, is applied to SHM. The TFT approach is adopted to investigate the behavior of the Guinigi Tower located in Lucca (Italy) and subjected to a long-term dynamic monitoring campaign. The TFT network is trained on the tower's experimental frequencies enriched with other environmental parameters. The transformer is then employed to predict the vibrational features (natural frequencies, root mean squares values of the velocity time series) and detect possible anomalies or unexpected events by inspecting how much the actual frequencies deviate from the predicted ones. The TFT technique is used to detect the effects of the Viareggio earthquake that occurred on 6 February 2022, and the structural damage induced by three simulated damage scenarios.Source: Social Science Research Network (2024). doi:10.2139/ssrn.4679906
DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.4679906
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2023
Conference article
Closed Access
Assessment of the acceleration floor spectra through dynamic identification: the Museum of Bargello in Florence
Azzara R. M., Pellegrini D., Cardinali V., Viti S., Tanganelli M.
Artworks represent a priceless asset to the economic and cultural features of communities. Most art collections are hosted in Museums, which can be new buildings, appositely made for an expositive purpose, or monumental buildings, whose high artistic and historical value enhances the exposed art pieces. In this latter case, however, the Museums can disregard the seismic safety requirements provided for new constructions, becoming the main source of hazard for the precious contents they should preserve. In this paper, the dynamic behavior of the National Museum of Bargello in Florence is studied by means of a dynamic identification, focusing the attention on the "Sala di Donatello". An experimental campaign was performed by simultaneously installing two sets of three seismometric stations in the mentioned room and inside the corresponding one at the base of the building ("Sala Michelangelo"). Analysis of the recorded data via Operational Modal Analysis techniques has furnished the structure's natural frequencies, damping ratio and mode shapes allowing the assessment of the amplification of the seismic acceleration experienced by the art works exposed in "Sala di Donatello". The effect of the seismic acceleration on the artifacts has been checked on a case-study, i.e. the masterpiece "Marzocco". It is the statue of the lion considered the symbol of Florence, realized by Donatello in 1420, placed on a marble pedestal made by Benedetto da Maiano in 1480, which is a work of art as well. The assessment has been made by performing a simplified rigid-block analysis. The geometrical data of Marzocco has been stated based on a detailed photogrammetric survey, which provided a reliable representation of the mass distribution.Source: WCSI 2023 - 17th World Conference on Seismic Isolation, Torino, Italy, 12-16/09/2022
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-21187-4_88
Metrics:
Azzara R. M., Pellegrini D., Cardinali V., Viti S., Tanganelli M.
Artworks represent a priceless asset to the economic and cultural features of communities. Most art collections are hosted in Museums, which can be new buildings, appositely made for an expositive purpose, or monumental buildings, whose high artistic and historical value enhances the exposed art pieces. In this latter case, however, the Museums can disregard the seismic safety requirements provided for new constructions, becoming the main source of hazard for the precious contents they should preserve. In this paper, the dynamic behavior of the National Museum of Bargello in Florence is studied by means of a dynamic identification, focusing the attention on the "Sala di Donatello". An experimental campaign was performed by simultaneously installing two sets of three seismometric stations in the mentioned room and inside the corresponding one at the base of the building ("Sala Michelangelo"). Analysis of the recorded data via Operational Modal Analysis techniques has furnished the structure's natural frequencies, damping ratio and mode shapes allowing the assessment of the amplification of the seismic acceleration experienced by the art works exposed in "Sala di Donatello". The effect of the seismic acceleration on the artifacts has been checked on a case-study, i.e. the masterpiece "Marzocco". It is the statue of the lion considered the symbol of Florence, realized by Donatello in 1420, placed on a marble pedestal made by Benedetto da Maiano in 1480, which is a work of art as well. The assessment has been made by performing a simplified rigid-block analysis. The geometrical data of Marzocco has been stated based on a detailed photogrammetric survey, which provided a reliable representation of the mass distribution.Source: WCSI 2023 - 17th World Conference on Seismic Isolation, Torino, Italy, 12-16/09/2022
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-21187-4_88
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2023
Journal article
Open Access
Dynamic Behaviour of the Carillon Tower in Castel San Pietro Terme, Italy
Azzara R. M., Girardi M., Padovani C., Pellegrini D.
This paper presents the experimental investigations conducted on the carillon tower of the Santissimo Crocifsso Sanctuary in Castel San Pietro (Bologna, Italy) and the analysis of data collected by using velocimeters and accelerometers installed on the structure. The main goal is to assess the effects of the swinging bells on the dynamic behaviour of the tower. The paper's novelty relies on the kind of structure monitored and the originality of the experiments. The structure is a rare example of a carillon tower, with fifty-five bells of different sizes, subjected to a careful measurement campaign never carried out before. Six experiments were conducted selectively by activating the bells to measure the tower's response induced by different vibration sources and determine the peak velocities recorded by using instruments at different heights. Two ambient vibration tests complemented the six experiments. The carillon's action induces low velocities on the tower, while experiments involving the bells swinging in the upper chamber produce the highest velocity values in the swinging direction; these values are more significant than those induced by the carillon alone. The most robust action is induced on the tower when all the bells (carillon plus swinging bells) ring. The experimental results are complemented by numerical simulations of the dynamic behaviour of the tower subjected to the action of a swinging bell.Source: Structural control and health monitoring (Online) (2023). doi:10.1155/2023/1045234
DOI: 10.1155/2023/1045234
Metrics:
Azzara R. M., Girardi M., Padovani C., Pellegrini D.
This paper presents the experimental investigations conducted on the carillon tower of the Santissimo Crocifsso Sanctuary in Castel San Pietro (Bologna, Italy) and the analysis of data collected by using velocimeters and accelerometers installed on the structure. The main goal is to assess the effects of the swinging bells on the dynamic behaviour of the tower. The paper's novelty relies on the kind of structure monitored and the originality of the experiments. The structure is a rare example of a carillon tower, with fifty-five bells of different sizes, subjected to a careful measurement campaign never carried out before. Six experiments were conducted selectively by activating the bells to measure the tower's response induced by different vibration sources and determine the peak velocities recorded by using instruments at different heights. Two ambient vibration tests complemented the six experiments. The carillon's action induces low velocities on the tower, while experiments involving the bells swinging in the upper chamber produce the highest velocity values in the swinging direction; these values are more significant than those induced by the carillon alone. The most robust action is induced on the tower when all the bells (carillon plus swinging bells) ring. The experimental results are complemented by numerical simulations of the dynamic behaviour of the tower subjected to the action of a swinging bell.Source: Structural control and health monitoring (Online) (2023). doi:10.1155/2023/1045234
DOI: 10.1155/2023/1045234
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2023
Other
Unknown
Monitoraggio dinamico di ponti mediante reti wireless di sensori
Marra A. M., Morano G., Nicese B., Salvatori L., Spinelli P., Girardi M., Padovani C., Pellegrini D.
Report finale del progetto "Monitoraggio dinamico di ponti mediante reti wireless di sensori" (MOODWISE).Source: ISTI Project reports, 2023
Marra A. M., Morano G., Nicese B., Salvatori L., Spinelli P., Girardi M., Padovani C., Pellegrini D.
Report finale del progetto "Monitoraggio dinamico di ponti mediante reti wireless di sensori" (MOODWISE).Source: ISTI Project reports, 2023
See at: CNR ExploRA
2023
Other
Unknown
Progetto REVOLUTION - Piattaforma open-source orientata ai digital twins: tecniche di digitalizzazione 3D, monitoraggio delle vibrazioni e modellazione agli elementi finiti per la valutazione dello stato di conservazione di edifici storici e infrastrutture civili
Pellegrini D., Girardi M, Gurioli G., Padovani C.
Report tecnico scientifico n.1 (attività svolta nel periodo 15 febbarioi 2022 - 15 febbraio 2023).Source: ISTI Project reports, REVOLUTION, 2023
Pellegrini D., Girardi M, Gurioli G., Padovani C.
Report tecnico scientifico n.1 (attività svolta nel periodo 15 febbarioi 2022 - 15 febbraio 2023).Source: ISTI Project reports, REVOLUTION, 2023
See at: CNR ExploRA
2023
Other
Open Access
Pre and post-diction simulation of the seismic response of a masonry cross vault tested on a shaking table
Pellegrini D.
Masonry vaults are widely employed in ancient constructions and play a crucial role in their static and dynamic behaviour. In the last decades, the scientific community has carried out, on the one hand, several experimental campaigns aimed at characterising the response of masonry vaults to horizontal actions; on the other, it has developed sophisticated numerical models able to catch the crucial features of their structural response. Within the framework of the SERA.TA project (Seismology and Earthquake Engineering Research Infrastructure Alliance for Europe), pre and post-diction contests have been organised to assess the capability of numerical methods to predict the seismic response of a 1:1 scale model of a masonry cross vault, realised and tested at LNEC laboratory (Portugal). This paper outlines the numerical analyses performed on some vault models within the pre and post-diction phase of the project. The numerical models have been created and analysed with NOSA-ITACA, a finite element software implemented at ISTI-CNR and devoted to the structural analysis of ancient masonry constructions. Pros and cons of the numerical simulations have been analysed, comparing the prediction and post-diction results with the experimental data in terms of accelerations, displacements, and crack patterns. Numerical results fit the experimental outcomes, and betterment is evident in the post-diction phase.Source: ISTI Research reports, 2023
Pellegrini D.
Masonry vaults are widely employed in ancient constructions and play a crucial role in their static and dynamic behaviour. In the last decades, the scientific community has carried out, on the one hand, several experimental campaigns aimed at characterising the response of masonry vaults to horizontal actions; on the other, it has developed sophisticated numerical models able to catch the crucial features of their structural response. Within the framework of the SERA.TA project (Seismology and Earthquake Engineering Research Infrastructure Alliance for Europe), pre and post-diction contests have been organised to assess the capability of numerical methods to predict the seismic response of a 1:1 scale model of a masonry cross vault, realised and tested at LNEC laboratory (Portugal). This paper outlines the numerical analyses performed on some vault models within the pre and post-diction phase of the project. The numerical models have been created and analysed with NOSA-ITACA, a finite element software implemented at ISTI-CNR and devoted to the structural analysis of ancient masonry constructions. Pros and cons of the numerical simulations have been analysed, comparing the prediction and post-diction results with the experimental data in terms of accelerations, displacements, and crack patterns. Numerical results fit the experimental outcomes, and betterment is evident in the post-diction phase.Source: ISTI Research reports, 2023
See at:
ISTI Repository | CNR ExploRA
2023
Journal article
Open Access
Experimental investigations and numerical modelling: a fruitful interaction for the nonlinear dynamical analysis of masonry structures
Azzara R. M., Girardi M., Padovani C., Pellegrini D.
This paper describes the experiments carried out on a medieval masonry tower in the historic centre of Lucca and some finite element numerical simulations of the tower's experimental response. The Guinigi Tower, one of the most iconic monuments in Lucca, has been continuously monitored by high-sensitive seismic stations that recorded the structure's response to the dynamic actions of the surrounding environment. The monitoring campaign results have been analysed to show the effectiveness of dynamic monitoring as a valuable source of information on the structural properties of the tower. The dynamic analyses of the tower and the surrounding palace subjected to some seismic events recorded during the experiments have highlighted the capabilities of experiment-based finite element modelling. The calibration of the finite element model and the numerical analysis have been carried out by resorting to procedures developed at ISTI-CNR and able to consider the nonlinear behaviour of masonry materials.Source: Continuum mechanics and thermodynamics (Internet) (2023). doi:10.1007/s00161-023-01264-2
DOI: 10.1007/s00161-023-01264-2
Metrics:
Azzara R. M., Girardi M., Padovani C., Pellegrini D.
This paper describes the experiments carried out on a medieval masonry tower in the historic centre of Lucca and some finite element numerical simulations of the tower's experimental response. The Guinigi Tower, one of the most iconic monuments in Lucca, has been continuously monitored by high-sensitive seismic stations that recorded the structure's response to the dynamic actions of the surrounding environment. The monitoring campaign results have been analysed to show the effectiveness of dynamic monitoring as a valuable source of information on the structural properties of the tower. The dynamic analyses of the tower and the surrounding palace subjected to some seismic events recorded during the experiments have highlighted the capabilities of experiment-based finite element modelling. The calibration of the finite element model and the numerical analysis have been carried out by resorting to procedures developed at ISTI-CNR and able to consider the nonlinear behaviour of masonry materials.Source: Continuum mechanics and thermodynamics (Internet) (2023). doi:10.1007/s00161-023-01264-2
DOI: 10.1007/s00161-023-01264-2
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link.springer.com | ISTI Repository | CNR ExploRA
2023
Journal article
Closed Access
Effects of temperature variations on the modal properties of masonry structures: an experimental-based numerical modelling approach
D. Pellegrini D., Barontini A., Girardi M., Lourenço P. B., Masciotta M. G., Mendes N., Padovani C., Ramos L. F.
Long-term ambient vibration monitoring campaigns show that environmental parameters (such as temperature, humidity, wind speed and direction) can influence the structures' static and dynamic behaviour. In particular, thermal variations can affect the modal characteristics of ancient masonry constructions. This work presents a procedure combining experimental and numerical steps to monitor, assess and model the dynamic behaviour of masonry structures subjected to thermal loads. The procedure is tested and validated through two numerical examples and the simulation of a full-scale masonry structure, the Mogadouro clock tower in Portugal, monitored with accelerometers and temperature and humidity sensors.Source: Structures (Oxford) 53 (2023): 595–613. doi:10.1016/j.istruc.2023.04.080
DOI: 10.1016/j.istruc.2023.04.080
Metrics:
D. Pellegrini D., Barontini A., Girardi M., Lourenço P. B., Masciotta M. G., Mendes N., Padovani C., Ramos L. F.
Long-term ambient vibration monitoring campaigns show that environmental parameters (such as temperature, humidity, wind speed and direction) can influence the structures' static and dynamic behaviour. In particular, thermal variations can affect the modal characteristics of ancient masonry constructions. This work presents a procedure combining experimental and numerical steps to monitor, assess and model the dynamic behaviour of masonry structures subjected to thermal loads. The procedure is tested and validated through two numerical examples and the simulation of a full-scale masonry structure, the Mogadouro clock tower in Portugal, monitored with accelerometers and temperature and humidity sensors.Source: Structures (Oxford) 53 (2023): 595–613. doi:10.1016/j.istruc.2023.04.080
DOI: 10.1016/j.istruc.2023.04.080
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2023
Conference article
Open Access
Numerical pre-diction of the seismic behaviour of a masonry vault mock-up using the NOSA-ITACA code
Pellegrini D.
Masonry vaults are widely employed in ancient constructions and play a crucial role in their static and dynamic response. Even if they are designed to withstand gravity and dead loads, these structural elements must also resist dynamic excitations caused by traffic and earthquakes; hence, the knowledge of their behaviour still requires in-depth analyses from experimental and numerical points of view. Within the framework of the SERA.TA project (Seismolo-gy and Earthquake Engineering Research Infrastructure Alliance for Europe), a blind pre-diction contest has been organized to assess the numerical analyses capability to predict the seismic response of a 1:1 scale model of masonry cross vault, realized and tested at LNEC laboratory (Portugal). This paper describes the analyses conducted on a numerical model of the vault created by NOSA-ITACA, a code developed in-house by ISTI-CNR for the analysis and calibration of masonry structures. The experimental accelerations, displacements, and crack patterns have been compared with the predicted numerical ones achieved in the blind pre-diction phase, by performing a nonlinear dynamic analysis of the un-strengthened finite element model of the vaultSource: COMPDYN 2023 - 9th ECCOMAS Thematic Conference on Computational Methods in Structural Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, Athens, Greece, 12-14/06/2023
Pellegrini D.
Masonry vaults are widely employed in ancient constructions and play a crucial role in their static and dynamic response. Even if they are designed to withstand gravity and dead loads, these structural elements must also resist dynamic excitations caused by traffic and earthquakes; hence, the knowledge of their behaviour still requires in-depth analyses from experimental and numerical points of view. Within the framework of the SERA.TA project (Seismolo-gy and Earthquake Engineering Research Infrastructure Alliance for Europe), a blind pre-diction contest has been organized to assess the numerical analyses capability to predict the seismic response of a 1:1 scale model of masonry cross vault, realized and tested at LNEC laboratory (Portugal). This paper describes the analyses conducted on a numerical model of the vault created by NOSA-ITACA, a code developed in-house by ISTI-CNR for the analysis and calibration of masonry structures. The experimental accelerations, displacements, and crack patterns have been compared with the predicted numerical ones achieved in the blind pre-diction phase, by performing a nonlinear dynamic analysis of the un-strengthened finite element model of the vaultSource: COMPDYN 2023 - 9th ECCOMAS Thematic Conference on Computational Methods in Structural Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, Athens, Greece, 12-14/06/2023
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2023.compdyn.org | ISTI Repository | CNR ExploRA
2023
Conference article
Open Access
Long-term monitoring of a masonry tower with wireless accelerometers
Zini G., Marafini F., Monchetti S., Betti M., Facchini L., Bartoli G., Girardi M., Gurioli G., Padovani C., Pellegrini D.
During the last decades, significant efforts have been made to define appropriate Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) frameworks based on the vibration signatures collected by accelerometers. Data-driven approaches are increasingly adopted for damage detection through the identification of anomalies in the distribution of the frequencies. This paper analyzes the long-term monitoring data acquired from a system installed on the Matilde tower in Livorno (Italy). The tower is a historic masonry structure monitored since the end of 2018 using a wireless sensor network developed during the MOSCARDO project.Source: COMPDYN 2023 - 9th ECCOMAS Thematic Conference on Computational Methods in Structural Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, Athens, Greece, 12-14/06/2023
Zini G., Marafini F., Monchetti S., Betti M., Facchini L., Bartoli G., Girardi M., Gurioli G., Padovani C., Pellegrini D.
During the last decades, significant efforts have been made to define appropriate Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) frameworks based on the vibration signatures collected by accelerometers. Data-driven approaches are increasingly adopted for damage detection through the identification of anomalies in the distribution of the frequencies. This paper analyzes the long-term monitoring data acquired from a system installed on the Matilde tower in Livorno (Italy). The tower is a historic masonry structure monitored since the end of 2018 using a wireless sensor network developed during the MOSCARDO project.Source: COMPDYN 2023 - 9th ECCOMAS Thematic Conference on Computational Methods in Structural Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, Athens, Greece, 12-14/06/2023
See at:
2023.compdyn.org | ISTI Repository | CNR ExploRA
2023
Journal article
Open Access
Pre- and post-diction simulation of the seismic response of a masonry cross vault tested on a shaking table
Pellegrini D.
Masonry vaults are widely employed in ancient constructions and play a crucial role in their static and dynamic behaviour. In the last decades, the scientific community has carried out, on the one hand, several experimental campaigns aimed at characterising the response of masonry vaults to horizontal actions; on the other, it has developed sophisticated numerical models able to catch the crucial features of their structural response. Within the framework of the SERA.TA project (Seismology and Earthquake Engineering Research Infrastructure Alliance for Europe), pre and post-diction contests have been organised to assess the capability of numerical methods to predict the seismic response of a 1:1 scale model of a masonry cross vault, realised and tested at LNEC laboratory (Portugal). This paper outlines the numerical analyses performed on two vault models within the pre and post-diction phase of the project. The numerical models have been created and analysed with NOSA-ITACA, a finite element software implemented at ISTI-CNR and devoted to the structural analysis of ancient masonry constructions. Pros and cons of the numerical simulations have been analysed, comparing the prediction and post-diction results with the experimental data in terms of accelerations, displacements, and crack patterns. Numerical results fit the experimental outcomes, and betterment is evident in the post-diction phaseSource: International journal of architectural heritage (Online) (2023). doi:10.1080/15583058.2023.2242812
DOI: 10.1080/15583058.2023.2242812
Metrics:
Pellegrini D.
Masonry vaults are widely employed in ancient constructions and play a crucial role in their static and dynamic behaviour. In the last decades, the scientific community has carried out, on the one hand, several experimental campaigns aimed at characterising the response of masonry vaults to horizontal actions; on the other, it has developed sophisticated numerical models able to catch the crucial features of their structural response. Within the framework of the SERA.TA project (Seismology and Earthquake Engineering Research Infrastructure Alliance for Europe), pre and post-diction contests have been organised to assess the capability of numerical methods to predict the seismic response of a 1:1 scale model of a masonry cross vault, realised and tested at LNEC laboratory (Portugal). This paper outlines the numerical analyses performed on two vault models within the pre and post-diction phase of the project. The numerical models have been created and analysed with NOSA-ITACA, a finite element software implemented at ISTI-CNR and devoted to the structural analysis of ancient masonry constructions. Pros and cons of the numerical simulations have been analysed, comparing the prediction and post-diction results with the experimental data in terms of accelerations, displacements, and crack patterns. Numerical results fit the experimental outcomes, and betterment is evident in the post-diction phaseSource: International journal of architectural heritage (Online) (2023). doi:10.1080/15583058.2023.2242812
DOI: 10.1080/15583058.2023.2242812
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ISTI Repository | www.tandfonline.com | CNR ExploRA
2023
Contribution to book
Open Access
Numerical modelling of historical masonry structures with the finite element code NOSA-ITACA
Girardi M., Padovani C., Pellegrini D., Porcelli M., Robol L.
This chapter presents the finite element code NOSA-ITACA for static and modal analyses of masonry structures of architectural interest. NOSA-ITACA adopts the constitutive equation of masonrylike materials, which considers masonry a non-linear elastic material with zero tensile strength. The capability of modelling restoration and consolidation operations makes the code a helpful tool for maintaining historical buildings. In recent years, long-term vibration monitoring turned out to be an effective non-destructive technique to investigate the dynamic behaviour and check the health status of historical buildings. Changes in their dynamic properties, such as natural frequencies, can represent effective damage indicators. The latest NOSA-ITACA developments are oriented towards structural health monitoring. The availability of the experimental modal properties of a structure makes it possible to calibrate its finite element model via model updating procedures. In particular, the unknown structure's characteristics, such as materials' properties and boundary conditions, can be determined by solving a minimum problem whose objective function is expressed as the discrepancy between experimental frequencies and mode shapes and their numerical counterparts. Several case studies are presented to show the main features of NOSA-ITACA and its effectiveness in the conservation of architectural heritage.Source: Mathematical Modeling in Cultural Heritage. MACH 2021, edited by Bretti G., Cavaterra C., Solci M., Spagnuolo M., pp. 133–152, 2023
DOI: 10.1007/978-981-99-3679-3_9
Metrics:
Girardi M., Padovani C., Pellegrini D., Porcelli M., Robol L.
This chapter presents the finite element code NOSA-ITACA for static and modal analyses of masonry structures of architectural interest. NOSA-ITACA adopts the constitutive equation of masonrylike materials, which considers masonry a non-linear elastic material with zero tensile strength. The capability of modelling restoration and consolidation operations makes the code a helpful tool for maintaining historical buildings. In recent years, long-term vibration monitoring turned out to be an effective non-destructive technique to investigate the dynamic behaviour and check the health status of historical buildings. Changes in their dynamic properties, such as natural frequencies, can represent effective damage indicators. The latest NOSA-ITACA developments are oriented towards structural health monitoring. The availability of the experimental modal properties of a structure makes it possible to calibrate its finite element model via model updating procedures. In particular, the unknown structure's characteristics, such as materials' properties and boundary conditions, can be determined by solving a minimum problem whose objective function is expressed as the discrepancy between experimental frequencies and mode shapes and their numerical counterparts. Several case studies are presented to show the main features of NOSA-ITACA and its effectiveness in the conservation of architectural heritage.Source: Mathematical Modeling in Cultural Heritage. MACH 2021, edited by Bretti G., Cavaterra C., Solci M., Spagnuolo M., pp. 133–152, 2023
DOI: 10.1007/978-981-99-3679-3_9
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2023
Conference article
Open Access
Towards a cloud-based platform for structural health monitoring: implementation and numerical issues
Croce T., Girardi M., Gurioli G., Padovani C., Pellegrini D.
Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) is increasingly important in protecting and maintaining architectural heritage. Its main goal is to distinguish ordinary fluctuations in a building's response from other, possibly anomalous, behaviour. SHM starts setting sensors to measure accelerations or velocities and other environmental parameters over time at fixed points of the structure. The time series processing makes it possible to perform modal tracking and damage/anomaly detection while correlating dynamical and environmental parameters. In practice, these activities are conducted separately, using different numerical codes. Thus, the idea is to take the first step to distance from such practice, leveraging the MOSCARDO system, which encompasses a Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) and a platform designed according to a cloud architecture that provides services for storing and processing data from the WSN. We employ a code based on the Stochastic Subspace Identification (SSI) technique to improve the system's capabilities, and we exploit the SSI's theoretical features to get an efficient implementation that will be integrated into the cloud-based platform. This pipeline is here presented considering data collected from a monitoring campaign on the "Matilde donjon" in Livorno (Italy) and reporting preliminary numerical results on the identification of the modal parameters.Source: EVACES 2023 - International Conference on Experimental Vibration Analysis for Civil Engineering Structures, pp. 610–619, Milano, Italy, 30-08/01-09/2023
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-39109-5_62
Metrics:
Croce T., Girardi M., Gurioli G., Padovani C., Pellegrini D.
Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) is increasingly important in protecting and maintaining architectural heritage. Its main goal is to distinguish ordinary fluctuations in a building's response from other, possibly anomalous, behaviour. SHM starts setting sensors to measure accelerations or velocities and other environmental parameters over time at fixed points of the structure. The time series processing makes it possible to perform modal tracking and damage/anomaly detection while correlating dynamical and environmental parameters. In practice, these activities are conducted separately, using different numerical codes. Thus, the idea is to take the first step to distance from such practice, leveraging the MOSCARDO system, which encompasses a Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) and a platform designed according to a cloud architecture that provides services for storing and processing data from the WSN. We employ a code based on the Stochastic Subspace Identification (SSI) technique to improve the system's capabilities, and we exploit the SSI's theoretical features to get an efficient implementation that will be integrated into the cloud-based platform. This pipeline is here presented considering data collected from a monitoring campaign on the "Matilde donjon" in Livorno (Italy) and reporting preliminary numerical results on the identification of the modal parameters.Source: EVACES 2023 - International Conference on Experimental Vibration Analysis for Civil Engineering Structures, pp. 610–619, Milano, Italy, 30-08/01-09/2023
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-39109-5_62
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2023
Contribution to book
Closed Access
From structural health monitoring to finite element modeling of heritage structures - The Medieval Towers of Lucca
Azzara R. M., Girardi M., Padovani C., Pellegrini D.
This chapter describes the experiments carried out on three medieval masonry towers in the historic center of Lucca, Italy. The towers have been continuously monitored by high-sensitivity seismic stations that record the structures' response to the dynamic actions of the surrounding environment. Special attention is devoted to the Guinigi Tower, one of the most iconic monuments in Lucca, whose monitoring campaign started in 2021. The goal of the chapter is to show the effectiveness of dynamic monitoring as a valuable source of information on the structural properties of the towers and sketch the capabilities of experiment-based finite element modeling.Source: Data Driven Methods for Civil Structural Health Monitoring and Resilience. Latest Developments and Applications, edited by Mohammad Noori, Carlo Rainieri, Marco Domaneschi, Vasilis Sarhosis, 2023
DOI: 10.1201/9781003306924-7
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Azzara R. M., Girardi M., Padovani C., Pellegrini D.
This chapter describes the experiments carried out on three medieval masonry towers in the historic center of Lucca, Italy. The towers have been continuously monitored by high-sensitivity seismic stations that record the structures' response to the dynamic actions of the surrounding environment. Special attention is devoted to the Guinigi Tower, one of the most iconic monuments in Lucca, whose monitoring campaign started in 2021. The goal of the chapter is to show the effectiveness of dynamic monitoring as a valuable source of information on the structural properties of the towers and sketch the capabilities of experiment-based finite element modeling.Source: Data Driven Methods for Civil Structural Health Monitoring and Resilience. Latest Developments and Applications, edited by Mohammad Noori, Carlo Rainieri, Marco Domaneschi, Vasilis Sarhosis, 2023
DOI: 10.1201/9781003306924-7
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www.taylorfrancis.com | CNR ExploRA
2023
Contribution to conference
Open Access
A digital twin-based platform for structural health monitoring: preliminary results
Girardi M., Padovani C., Pellegrini D.
This paper describes the preliminary results of the REVOLUTION project, focused on designing and implementing an open-source, digital twin-based platform for the structural health monitoring of architectural buildings and infrastructures. The platform leverages several technologies, such as 2D/3D digitalization techniques, sensor networks, numerical modelling, and damage detection algorithms. Integrating such technologies will allow us to build accurate digital twins of historical buildings, monitor their dynamic properties, model their mechanical behaviour, detect damages and anomalies and plan intervention strategies.Source: BUILding a Digital Twin: requirements, methods, and applications, pp. 53–55, Roma, Italy, 19-20/10/2023
Girardi M., Padovani C., Pellegrini D.
This paper describes the preliminary results of the REVOLUTION project, focused on designing and implementing an open-source, digital twin-based platform for the structural health monitoring of architectural buildings and infrastructures. The platform leverages several technologies, such as 2D/3D digitalization techniques, sensor networks, numerical modelling, and damage detection algorithms. Integrating such technologies will allow us to build accurate digital twins of historical buildings, monitor their dynamic properties, model their mechanical behaviour, detect damages and anomalies and plan intervention strategies.Source: BUILding a Digital Twin: requirements, methods, and applications, pp. 53–55, Roma, Italy, 19-20/10/2023
See at:
inm.cnr.it | ISTI Repository | CNR ExploRA
2023
Other
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Collasso di archi in muratura soggetti a carichi orizzontali o cedimenti delle imposte
Bonuccelli N., (relatori: Barsotti R., Barsi F., Pellegrini D., Padovani C., Girardi M. )
La tesi si pone l'obiettivo di analizzare il comportamento al collasso di archi in muratura soggetti a carichi orizzontali o cedimenti delle imposte. A tal proposito sono stati eseguite numerose prove sperimentali su modelli in scala di arco montati a secco, realizzati mediante conci in materiale termoplastico. Con l'ausilio di un'apparecchiatura, denominata tilting table, viene simulata l'azione sismica come una forza statica d'inerzia, proporzionale alla massa. Per l'esecuzione della seconda tipologia di prove è stata realizzata una specifica apparecchiatura in grado di simulare il cedimento delle imposte. Dalle prove sperimentali sono stati ricavati i valori del moltiplicatore di collasso e del cedimento ultimo associati ai rispettivi meccanismi di collasso. I risultati della campagna sperimentale sono stati analizzati e confrontati con quelli ottenuti attraverso l'analisi limite. Un'ulteriore analisi numerica dei modelli è stata effettuata utilizzando il codice di calcolo agli elementi finiti NOSA-ITACA.
Bonuccelli N., (relatori: Barsotti R., Barsi F., Pellegrini D., Padovani C., Girardi M. )
La tesi si pone l'obiettivo di analizzare il comportamento al collasso di archi in muratura soggetti a carichi orizzontali o cedimenti delle imposte. A tal proposito sono stati eseguite numerose prove sperimentali su modelli in scala di arco montati a secco, realizzati mediante conci in materiale termoplastico. Con l'ausilio di un'apparecchiatura, denominata tilting table, viene simulata l'azione sismica come una forza statica d'inerzia, proporzionale alla massa. Per l'esecuzione della seconda tipologia di prove è stata realizzata una specifica apparecchiatura in grado di simulare il cedimento delle imposte. Dalle prove sperimentali sono stati ricavati i valori del moltiplicatore di collasso e del cedimento ultimo associati ai rispettivi meccanismi di collasso. I risultati della campagna sperimentale sono stati analizzati e confrontati con quelli ottenuti attraverso l'analisi limite. Un'ulteriore analisi numerica dei modelli è stata effettuata utilizzando il codice di calcolo agli elementi finiti NOSA-ITACA.
See at: CNR ExploRA
2022
Journal article
Open Access
The influence of deflections on the static and dynamic behaviour of masonry columns
Girardi M., Padovani C., Pellegrini D.
This paper studies the influence of bending deflections on the structural behaviour of masonry columns. Some explicit solutions are presented, and the combined effects of the constitutive and geometric nonlinearities are investigated through an iterative numerical procedure. The results show that considering second-order effects affects both the collapse load and the dynamical properties of masonry beams significantly.Source: European journal of mechanics, A, Solids (Print) 94 (2022). doi:10.1016/j.euromechsol.2022.104570
DOI: 10.1016/j.euromechsol.2022.104570
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Girardi M., Padovani C., Pellegrini D.
This paper studies the influence of bending deflections on the structural behaviour of masonry columns. Some explicit solutions are presented, and the combined effects of the constitutive and geometric nonlinearities are investigated through an iterative numerical procedure. The results show that considering second-order effects affects both the collapse load and the dynamical properties of masonry beams significantly.Source: European journal of mechanics, A, Solids (Print) 94 (2022). doi:10.1016/j.euromechsol.2022.104570
DOI: 10.1016/j.euromechsol.2022.104570
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ISTI Repository | www.sciencedirect.com | CNR ExploRA
2022
Journal article
Open Access
Tracking the variation of complex mode shapes for damage quantification and localization in structural systems
Masciotta M. G., Pellegrini D.
Real structures mode shapes estimated by modal analysis techniques have a common feature: in most cases they are complex, and their level of complexity can be soundly influenced by the presence and extent of physical damage, which also affects the distribution of energy dissipation mechanisms within the structures. Starting from the contributions available in the literature, the present paper investigates, from a numerical and experimental point of view, the correlation existing between localized damage and variation of global modal complexity indices conventionally employed to quantify the nonproportionality of damping in structural systems. Finally, driven by the inferences made through numerical and experimental test cases by tracking the variation of complex modes over multiple and progressive damage scenarios, a new index for damage localization and quantification is formulated and validated against real data.Source: Mechanical systems and signal processing 169 (2022). doi:10.1016/j.ymssp.2021.108731
DOI: 10.1016/j.ymssp.2021.108731
Metrics:
Masciotta M. G., Pellegrini D.
Real structures mode shapes estimated by modal analysis techniques have a common feature: in most cases they are complex, and their level of complexity can be soundly influenced by the presence and extent of physical damage, which also affects the distribution of energy dissipation mechanisms within the structures. Starting from the contributions available in the literature, the present paper investigates, from a numerical and experimental point of view, the correlation existing between localized damage and variation of global modal complexity indices conventionally employed to quantify the nonproportionality of damping in structural systems. Finally, driven by the inferences made through numerical and experimental test cases by tracking the variation of complex modes over multiple and progressive damage scenarios, a new index for damage localization and quantification is formulated and validated against real data.Source: Mechanical systems and signal processing 169 (2022). doi:10.1016/j.ymssp.2021.108731
DOI: 10.1016/j.ymssp.2021.108731
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ISTI Repository | www.sciencedirect.com | CNR ExploRA
2022
Journal article
Open Access
Dynamic monitoring of a tunnel-like masonry structure via WSN
Bartoli G., Betti M., Girardi M., Padovani C., Pellegrini D., Zini G.
This paper reports an application of wireless sensor network technology to the long-term monitoring of a historic masonry tunnel-like structure located in Italy. The monitoring was performed within the activity of a research project aimed at providing a general framework to check the structural health of heritage structures and to real-time detect any potential damage that may compromise their safety. The tunnel-like structure was selected being, to the best of authors' knowledge, a challenging experiment both for the type of structure itself and for the technical solution to be employed for installing the monitoring system. This paper, after a brief description of the installed monitoring system and the design of the sensor layout, summarizes the lesson learned after one year of monitoring.Source: Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers. Structures and buildings (2022). doi:10.1680/jstbu.21.00082
DOI: 10.1680/jstbu.21.00082
Metrics:
Bartoli G., Betti M., Girardi M., Padovani C., Pellegrini D., Zini G.
This paper reports an application of wireless sensor network technology to the long-term monitoring of a historic masonry tunnel-like structure located in Italy. The monitoring was performed within the activity of a research project aimed at providing a general framework to check the structural health of heritage structures and to real-time detect any potential damage that may compromise their safety. The tunnel-like structure was selected being, to the best of authors' knowledge, a challenging experiment both for the type of structure itself and for the technical solution to be employed for installing the monitoring system. This paper, after a brief description of the installed monitoring system and the design of the sensor layout, summarizes the lesson learned after one year of monitoring.Source: Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers. Structures and buildings (2022). doi:10.1680/jstbu.21.00082
DOI: 10.1680/jstbu.21.00082
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ISTI Repository | www.icevirtuallibrary.com | CNR ExploRA
2022
Other
Open Access
Dynamic behaviour of the carillon tower in Castel San Pietro, Italy
Azzara R. M., Girardi M., Padovani C., Pellegrini D.
The paper presents the experimental investigations conducted on the carillon tower of the Santissimo Crocifisso Sanctuary in Castel San Pietro (Bologna, Italy) and the analysis of data collected by velocimeters and accelerometers installed on the structure. The main goal is to assess the effects of the swinging bells on the dynamic behaviour of the tower. The paper's novelty relies on the kind of structure monitored, and the approach followed. The structure is a rare example of a carillon tower, subjected to a careful measurement campaign never carried out before. Moreover, the experimental results are complemented by numerical simulations of the dynamic behaviour of the tower subjected to the action of a swinging bell.Source: ISTI Research reports, 2022
Azzara R. M., Girardi M., Padovani C., Pellegrini D.
The paper presents the experimental investigations conducted on the carillon tower of the Santissimo Crocifisso Sanctuary in Castel San Pietro (Bologna, Italy) and the analysis of data collected by velocimeters and accelerometers installed on the structure. The main goal is to assess the effects of the swinging bells on the dynamic behaviour of the tower. The paper's novelty relies on the kind of structure monitored, and the approach followed. The structure is a rare example of a carillon tower, subjected to a careful measurement campaign never carried out before. Moreover, the experimental results are complemented by numerical simulations of the dynamic behaviour of the tower subjected to the action of a swinging bell.Source: ISTI Research reports, 2022
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ISTI Repository | CNR ExploRA