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2023 Conference article Open Access OPEN
Demo: an interactive visualization combining rule-based and feature importance explanations
Cappuccio E., Fadda D., Lanzilotti R., Rinzivillo S.
The Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) community has long stressed the need for a more user-centered approach to Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI), a research area that aims at defining algorithms and tools to illustrate the predictions of the so-called black-box models. This approach can benefit from the fields of user-interface, user experience, and visual analytics. In this demo, we propose a visual-based tool, "F.I.P.E.R.", that shows interactive explanations combining rules and feature importance.Source: CHItaly 2023: 15th Biannual Conference of the Italian SIGCHI Chapter, Torino, Italy, 20-22/09/2023
DOI: 10.1145/3605390.3610811
Project(s): XAI via OpenAIRE
Metrics:


See at: ISTI Repository Open Access | dl.acm.org Restricted | CNR ExploRA


2023 Conference article Open Access OPEN
EXPHLOT: explainable privacy assessment for human location trajectories
Naretto F., Pellungrini R., Rinzivillo S., Fadda D.
Human mobility data play a crucial role in understand- ing mobility patterns and developing analytical services across various domains such as urban planning, transportation, and public health. How- ever, due to the sensitive nature of this data, accurately identifying pri- vacy risks is essential before deciding to release it to the public. Recent work has proposed the use of machine learning models for predicting privacy risk on raw mobility trajectories and the use of shap for risk explanation. However, applying shap to mobility data results in expla- nations that are of limited use both for privacy experts and end-users. In this work, we present a novel version of the Expert privacy risk predic- tion and explanation framework specifically tailored for human mobility data. We leverage state-of-the-art algorithms in time series classification, as Rocket and InceptionTime, to improve risk prediction while reduc- ing computation time. Additionally, we address two key issues with shap explanation on mobility data: first, we devise an entropy-based mask to efficiently compute shap values for privacy risk in mobility data; second, we develop a module for interactive analysis and visualization of shap values over a map, empowering users with an intuitive understanding of shap values and privacy risk.Source: DS 2023 - 26th International Conference on Discovery Science, pp. 325–340, Porto, Portugal, 09-11/10/2023
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-45275-8_22
Project(s): TAILOR via OpenAIRE, HumanE-AI-Net via OpenAIRE, XAI via OpenAIRE, SoBigData-PlusPlus via OpenAIRE
Metrics:


See at: doi.org Open Access | link.springer.com Open Access | ISTI Repository Open Access | CNR ExploRA


2016 Conference article Unknown
Big data and public administration: a case study for Tuscany airports
Furletti B., Nanni M., Fadda D., Piccini L., Lattarulo P.
In the last decade, the fast development of Information and Communication Technologies led to the wide diffusion of sensors able to track various aspects of human activity, as well as the storage and computational capabilities needed to record and analyze them. The so-called Big Data promise to improve the effectiveness of businesses, the quality of urban life, as well as many other fields, including the functioning of public administrations. Yet, translating the wealth of potential information hidden in Big Data to consumable intelligence seems to be still a difficult task, with a limited basis of success stories. This paper reports a project activity centered on a public administration - IRPET, the Regional Institute for Economic Planning of Tuscany (Italy). The paper deals, among other topics, with human mobility and public transportation at a regional scale, summarizing the open questions posed by the Public Administration (PA), the envisioned role that Big Data might have in answering them, the actual challenges that emerged in trying to implement them, and finally the results we obtained, the limitations that emerged and the lessons learned.Source: SEBD 2016 - 24th Italian Symposium on Advanced Database Systems, pp. 158–165, Ugento, Lecce, 19-22 giugno 2016
Project(s): PETRA via OpenAIRE

See at: CNR ExploRA


2019 Contribution to book Open Access OPEN
Analysis and visualization of performance indicators in university admission tests
Natilli M., Fadda D., Rinzivillo S., Pedreschi D., Licari F.
This paper presents an analytical platform for evaluation of the performance and anomaly detection of tests for admission to public universities in Italy. Each test is personalized for each student and is composed of a series of questions, classified on different domains (e.g. maths, science, logic, etc.). Since each test is unique for composition, it is crucial to guarantee a similar level of difficulty for all the tests in a session. For this reason, to each question, it is assigned a level of difficulty from a domain expert. Thus, the general difficultness of a test depends on the correct classification of each item. We propose two approaches to detect outliers. A visualization-based approach using dynamic filter and responsive visual widgets. A data mining approach to evaluate the performance of the different questions for five years. We used clustering to group the questions according to a set of performance indicators to provide labeling of the data-driven level of difficulty. The measured level is compared with the a priori assigned by experts. The misclassifications are then highlighted to the expert, who will be able to refine the ques- tion or the classification. Sequential pattern mining is used to check if biases are present in the composition of the tests and their performance. This analysis is meant to exclude overlaps or direct dependencies among questions. Analyzing co-occurrences we are able to state that the compo- sition of each test is fair and uniform for all the students, even on several sessions. The analytical results are presented to the expert through a visual web application that loads the analytical data and indicators and composes an interactive dashboard. The user may explore the patterns and models extracted by filtering and changing thresholds and analytical parameters.Source: Formal Methods. FM 2019 International Workshops, edited by Emil Sekerinski et al..., pp. 186–199, 2019
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-54994-7_14
Metrics:


See at: ISTI Repository Open Access | doi.org Restricted | link.springer.com Restricted | CNR ExploRA


2019 Conference article Open Access OPEN
A visual analytics platform to measure performance on university entrance tests
Boncoraglio D., Deri F., Distefano F., Fadda D., Filippi G., Forte G., Licari F., Natilli M., Pedreschi D., Rinzivillo S.
Data visualization dashboards provide an efficient approach that helps to improve the ability to understand the information behind complex databases. It is possible with such tools to create new insights, to represent keys indicators of the activity, to communicate (in real-time) snapshots of the state of the work. In this paper, we present a visual analytics platform created for the exploration and analysis of performance data on entrance tests taken by Italian students when entering the university career. The data is provided by CISIA (Consorzio Interuniversitario Sistemi Integrati per l'Accesso), a non-profit consortium formed exclusively by public universities. With this platform, it is possible to explore the performance of the students along different dimensions, such as gender, high school of provenience, type of test and so on.Source: 27th Italian Symposium on Advanced Database Systems, Castiglione della Pescaia, Grosseto, Italy (Grosseto), Italy, 16-19 June 2019

See at: ceur-ws.org Open Access | ISTI Repository Open Access | CNR ExploRA


2018 Conference article Open Access OPEN
MOBILITY ATLAS BOOKLET: AN URBAN DASHBOARD DESIGN and IMPLEMENTATION
Gabrielli L., Rossi M., Giannotti F., Fadda D., Rinzivillo S.
The new data sources give the possibility to answer analytically the questions that arise from mobility manager. The process of transforming raw data into knowledge is very complex, and it is necessary to provide metaphors of visualizations that are understandable to decision makers. Here, we propose an analytical platform that extracts information on the mobility of individuals from mobile phone by applying Data Mining methodologies. The main results highlighted here are both technical and methodological. First, communicating information through visual analytics techniques facilitates understanding of information to those who have no specific technical or domain knowledge. Secondly, the API system guarantees the ability to export aggregates according to the granularity required, enabling other actors to produce new services based on the extracted models. For the future, we expect to extend the platform by inserting other layers. For example, a layer for measuring the sustainability index of a territory, such as the ability of public transport to attract private mobility or the index that measures how many private vehicle trips can be converted into electrical mobility.Source: 3rd International Conference on Smart Data and Smart Cities, SDSC 2018, pp. 51–58, Delft, Netherlands, 04-05/10/2018
DOI: 10.5194/isprs-annals-iv-4-w7-51-2018
Metrics:


See at: ISPRS Annals of Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences Open Access | ISTI Repository Open Access | ISPRS Annals of Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences Open Access | ISPRS Annals of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences Open Access | CNR ExploRA


2023 Conference article Restricted
Interpretable data partitioning through tree-based clustering methods
Guidotti R., Landi C., Beretta A., Fadda D., Nanni M.
Interpretable Data Partitioning Through Tree-Based Clustering Methods Riccardo Guidotti, Cristiano Landi, Andrea Beretta, Daniele Fadda & Mirco Nanni Conference paper First Online: 08 October 2023 311 Accesses Part of the Lecture Notes in Computer Science book series (LNAI,volume 14276) The growing interpretable machine learning research field is mainly focusing on the explanation of supervised approaches. However, also unsupervised approaches might benefit from considering interpretability aspects. While existing clustering methods only provide the assignment of records to clusters without justifying the partitioning, we propose tree-based clustering methods that offer interpretable data partitioning through a shallow decision tree. These decision trees enable easy-to-understand explanations of cluster assignments through short and understandable split conditions. The proposed methods are evaluated through experiments on synthetic and real datasets and proved to be more effective than traditional clustering approaches and interpretable ones in terms of standard evaluation measures and runtime. Finally, a case study involving human participation demonstrates the effectiveness of the interpretable clustering trees returned by the proposed method.Source: DS 2023 - 26th International Conference on Discovery Science, pp. 492–507, Porto, Portugal, 09-11/10/2023
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-45275-8_33
Metrics:


See at: doi.org Restricted | link.springer.com Restricted | CNR ExploRA


2023 Journal article Open Access OPEN
Co-design of human-centered, explainable AI for clinical decision support
Panigutti C., Beretta A., Fadda D., Giannotti F., Pedreschi D., Perotti A., Rinzivillo S.
eXplainable AI (XAI) involves two intertwined but separate challenges: the development of techniques to extract explanations from black-box AI models and the way such explanations are presented to users, i.e., the explanation user interface. Despite its importance, the second aspect has received limited attention so far in the literature. Effective AI explanation interfaces are fundamental for allowing human decision-makers to take advantage and oversee high-risk AI systems effectively. Following an iterative design approach, we present the first cycle of prototyping-testing-redesigning of an explainable AI technique and its explanation user interface for clinical Decision Support Systems (DSS). We first present an XAI technique that meets the technical requirements of the healthcare domain: sequential, ontology-linked patient data, and multi-label classification tasks. We demonstrate its applicability to explain a clinical DSS, and we design a first prototype of an explanation user interface. Next, we test such a prototype with healthcare providers and collect their feedback with a two-fold outcome: First, we obtain evidence that explanations increase users' trust in the XAI system, and second, we obtain useful insights on the perceived deficiencies of their interaction with the system, so we can re-design a better, more human-centered explanation interface.Source: ACM transactions on interactive intelligent systems (Online) 13 (2023). doi:10.1145/3587271
DOI: 10.1145/3587271
Project(s): HumanE-AI-Net via OpenAIRE, XAI via OpenAIRE
Metrics:


See at: dl.acm.org Open Access | Archivio istituzionale della Ricerca - Scuola Normale Superiore Open Access | ISTI Repository Open Access | ACM Transactions on Interactive Intelligent Systems Restricted | CNR ExploRA


2016 Report Restricted
Database of female scientists at the 6 targeted Departments of UNIPI
Romano V., Natilli M., Fadda D., Rossetti G., Giannotti F.
The experience gained with the several funded European projects allows us to collect data on female careers but also to identify the context (at institutional level) as a crucial factor in defining the phenomenon of gender equality. The usual approach is to perform a survey or to ask the administration in order to understand how many women are employed at the different levels of the institution at a certain time. The institution obtains a snapshot of the gender equality or, if the study is repeated regularly, a sequence of snapshots that allows gender researchers to perform comparisons and better understand the trends. The aim of the Women Scientific Career Database is to integrate the study of gender equality in the structure of the administration of the institution, in order to build a permanent gender monitor that is automatically updated by the administration. This new approach allows a real time analysis of the gender equality within the institution and, as data are continuously updated, makes it easier to verify how different strategies, laws or regulations can modify the status of gender equality. In order to better understand how the career of a researcher evolves within the institution through years, a lot of different events have to be monitored, like the type of contract and its evolution, and scientific production. The analysis provides statistics aggregated at university level, at department level and personal level in order to give a global picture of the university status and to show how different departments present different behaviors with respect to the gender inequalities. The personal level aggregation wants instead to show how real women scientist can have a successful career. This report describes the realization of the Women Scientific Career Database, the data model, the acquisition procedures and the implementation of first family of indicators and their rendering through a navigable web interface.Source: Project report, TRIGGER, Deliverable D1.8, 2016
Project(s): TRIGGER via OpenAIRE

See at: triggerproject.eu Restricted | CNR ExploRA


2018 Conference article Open Access OPEN
Discovering Mobility Functional Areas: A Mobility Data Analysis Approach
Gabrielli L., Fadda D., Rossetti G., Nanni M., Piccinini L., Pedreschi D., Giannotti F., Lattarulo P.
How do we measure the borders of urban areas and therefore decide which are the functional units of the territory? Nowadays, we typically do that just looking at census data, while in this work we aim to identify functional areas for mobility in a completely data-driven way. Our solution makes use of human mobility data (vehicle trajectories) and consists in an agglomerative process which gradually groups together those municipalities that maximize internal vehicular traffic while minimizing external one. The approach is tested against a dataset of trips involving individuals of an Italian Region, obtaining a new territorial division which allows us to identify mobility attractors. Leveraging such partitioning and external knowledge, we show that our method outperforms the state-of-the-art algorithms. Indeed, the outcome of our approach is of great value to public administrations for creating synergies within the aggregations of the territories obtained.Source: 9th Conference on Complex Networks, CompleNet, pp. 311–322, Boston, 6/03/2018
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-73198-8_27
Project(s): SoBigData via OpenAIRE
Metrics:


See at: ISTI Repository Open Access | ISTI Repository Open Access | Springer Proceedings in Complexity Restricted | link.springer.com Restricted | CNR ExploRA